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Human Anatomy > Chapter 10 - Muscular System > Flashcards

Chapter 10 - Muscular System Flashcards

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1
Q

What are origin / proximal attachments?

A

The attachment to the bone that does not move when the muscle shortens.

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2
Q

What are insertion / distal attachments?

A

The attachment to the bone that moves when the muscle shortens.

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3
Q

What is the belly portion of muscles?

A

The largest portion of the muscle between origin and insertion.

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4
Q

What is a Prime Mover (Agonist)?

A

A term used to describe how muscles interact to move a joint.

The primary muscle that performs a specific muscle action, usually the most important action of the joint.

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5
Q

What is a Synergist?

A

A term used to describe how muscles interact to move a joint.

Muscles that perform the same action as the muscle to which you are comparing it.

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6
Q

What is a Anatagonist?

A

A term used to describe how muscles interact to move a joint.

Muscles that perform the opposite action of the muscle to which you are comparing it.

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7
Q
  • Name:
  • Origin:
  • Insertion:
  • Action:
A
  • Frontalis
  • Occipital bone
  • Skin of the eyebrow
  • Wrinkle the skin of the forehead and nose & raise eyebrows
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8
Q
  • Name:
  • Origin:
  • Insertion:
  • Action:
A
  • Orbicularis Oculi
  • Orbit
  • Eyelid skin
  • Close eyes
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9
Q
  • Name:
  • Origin:
  • Insertion:
  • Action:
A
  • Oricularis Oris
  • Maxilla & Mandible
  • Skin of lips
  • Compress and purk lips (kissing action)
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10
Q
  • Name:
  • Origin:
  • Insertion:
  • Action:
A
  • Buccinator
  • Maxilla & Mandible
  • Skin of the cheeks
  • Compress the cheeks to help hold food between teeth during chewing
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11
Q
  • Name:
  • Origin:
  • Insertion:
  • Action:
A
  • Zygomaticus
  • Zygomatic bone
  • Skin of the corners of the mouth
  • Evaluates the corners of the mouth, up and out (smile)
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12
Q
  • Name:
  • Origin:
  • Insertion:
  • Action:
A
  • Platysma
  • Connective tissue of the chest (fossa)
  • Skin of the mandible
  • Pull the lower lip downward, wrinkle skin of neck & chest (scared expression)
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13
Q

What are mastication muscles? What are the 2 types?

A

Tissues that are important for chewing. Originate on temporal or zygomatic bones and insert on to the mandible.

  • Masseter
  • Temporalis
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14
Q
  • Name:
  • Origin:
  • Insertion:
  • Action:
A
  • Masseter
  • Zygomatic arch
  • Mandible
  • Elevation of the mandible (close the mouth)
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15
Q
  • Name:
  • Origin:
  • Insertion:
  • Action:
A
  • Temporalis
  • Temporal bone
  • Mandible
  • Elevation of the mandible (close the mouth)
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16
Q

What is meant by prevertebral and postvertebral?

A
  • Prevertebral: anterior to the vertebral column
  • Postvertebral: posterior to the vertebral column
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17
Q
  • Name:
  • Origin:
  • Insertion:
  • Action:
A
  • Sternocleidomastoid
  • Sternum & medial clavicle
  • Mastoid process of the temporal bone
  • Neck flection ( primary mover of the neck)

(pervertebral)

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18
Q
  • Name:
A
  • Linea alba
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19
Q
  • Name:
  • Origin:
  • Insertion:
  • Action:
A
  • Rectus Abdominis
  • Pubis
  • Xiphoid process of the sternum
  • Trunk (waist) flexion, compress abdominal contents
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20
Q
  • Name:
  • Origin:
  • Insertion:
  • Action:
A
  • External Abdominal Oblique
  • Lower ribs 5-12
  • Iliac crest
  • Trunk (waist) flexion, compress abdominal contents. rotates vertebral column
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21
Q
  • Name:
  • Origin:
  • Insertion:
  • Action:
A
  • Internal Abdominal Oblique
  • Lower ribs 10-12
  • Iliac crest
  • Trunk (waist) flexion, compress abdominal contents. rotates vertebral column
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22
Q
  • Name:
  • Origin:
  • Insertion:
  • Action:
A
  • Transversus Abdominis
  • Iliac crest
  • Lumbar vertebra
  • Compress abdominal contents
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23
Q
  • Name:
  • Origin:
  • Insertion:
  • Action:
A
  • Quadratus Lumborum
  • Iliac crest, lower lumbar vertebrae
  • Upper lumbar vertebra & 12th rib
  • Trunk (waist) flexion
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24
Q
  • Name:
  • Origin:
  • Insertion:
  • Action:
  • Made of what other muscles or parts?
A
  • Iliopsoas
  • Iliac fossa, lumbar vertebra
  • Lesser trochanter of the femur
  • Hip flexion
  • Iliacus & Psoas major
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25
- Name: - Origin: - Insertion: - Action:
- Splenius Capitis - Vertebra C4-T6 - Occipital bone - Neck extension
26
- Name: - Origin: - Insertion: - Action: - Made of what other muscles or parts?
- Erector Spinae - Sacrum, Ilium, Lumbar, Thoracic, Cervical vertebra - Ribs, vertebra, mastoid process - Extinction of the vertebral column - Spinalis, Longissimus, Iliocostalis
27
- Name:
- Spinalis part of Erector Spinae
28
- Name:
- Longissimus part of the Erector Spinae
29
- Name:
- Iliocostalis part of the Erector Spinae
30
- Name: - Origin: - Insertion: - Action: - Made of what other muscles or parts?
- Trapezius - External occipital protuberance & spinous process of vertebrae C1-T12 - Lateral clavicle, spine, acromion of scapula - Upper fibers elevate the scapula. Middle fibers cause scapular retraction. Lower fibers cause depression of scapula. - Has upper, middle, and lower fibers
31
- Name: - Origin: - Insertion: - Action:
- Levator Scapulae - Transverse process of cervical vertebrae C1-C4 - Superior angle of scapula - Elevation and downwards motion of the scapula
32
- Name: - Origin: - Insertion: - Action:
- Rhomboid (major and minor) - Vertebrae C6-T5 - Medial border of the scapula - Retraction of the scapula
33
- Name: - Origin: - Insertion: - Action:
- Serratus Anterior - Lateral parts of ribs 1-8 - Medial border of the scapula - Protraction of the scapula
34
- Name: - Origin: - Insertion: - Action:
- Pectoralis major - Medial clavicle, sternum and costal cartilages of ribs 1-6 - Intertubercular groove of humerus - Adduction, Medial rotation, Flexion of the humerus at the shoulder joint
35
- Name: - Origin: - Insertion: - Action:
- Deltoid - Lateral clavicle, Acromion process and spine - Humerus (deltoid tuberosity) - Anterior part: flexion and medial rotation of arm. Lateral part: abduction of arm. Posterior part: extension and lateral rotation of arm
36
- Name: - Origin: - Insertion: - Action:
- Latissimus Dorsi - Spinous processes of T7-T12, Iliac crest, Thoracolumbar fascia - Intertubercular groove of humerus - Adduction, Extension, and Medial rotation of shoulder joint
37
What are rotator cuff muscles? What are the 4 types?
They are muscles that reinforce stability at the shoulder joint. - Supraspinatus - Infraspinatus - Teres Minor - Subscapularis
38
- Name: - Origin: - Insertion: - Action:
- Supraspinatus - Supraspinous fossa of the scapula - Greater tubercle of humerus - Abduction of the humerus
39
- Name: - Origin: - Insertion: - Action:
- Infraspinatus - Infraspinous fossa of scapula - Greater tubercle of humerus - Lateral rotation of humerus
40
- Name: - Origin: - Insertion: - Action:
- Teres Minor - Lateral border of scapula - Greater tubercle of humerus - Lateral rotation of humerus
41
- Name: - Origin: - Insertion: - Action:
- Subscapularis - Subscapular fossa of the scapula - Lesser tubercle of humerus - Medial rotation of humerus
42
- Name: - Origin: - Insertion: - Action:
- Teres Major - Inferior angle of scapula - Intertubercular groove of humerus - Medial rotation and adduction of humerus
43
- Name: - Origin: - Insertion: - Action: - Made of what other muscles or parts?
- Biceps Brachii -Long head: Supraglenoid tubercle of scapula. Short head: Coracoid process of scapula. - Radial tuberosity - Flexion of the forearm at the elbow joint and Forearm supination
44
- Name: - Origin: - Insertion: - Action:
- Brachialis - Anterior surface of humerus - Coronoid process of ulna - Flexion of the forearm at the elbow joint
45
- Name: - Origin: - Insertion: - Action:
- Brachioradialis - Lateral epicondyle of humerus - Styloid process of radius - Flexion of the forearm at the elbow joint
46
- Name: - Origin: - Insertion: - Action: - Made of what other muscles or parts?
- Triceps Brachii - 3 parts Long head: Infraglenoid tubercle of scapula Lateral head: Superior, posterior surface of humerus Medial head: Inferior, posterior surface of humerus - Olecranon process of ulna - Extension of the forearm at the elbow joint
47
In muscles that move the wrist and fingers the ANTERIOR group is involved in ____, while the POSTERIOR group is involved in ____? Both sides can contribute to ____ of the wrist? How does this look?
- Anterior group is involved in wrist and finger flexion, pronation of forearm. - Posterior group is involved in wrist and fingers extension. - Both sides can contribute to adduction or abduction.
48
- Name: - Origin: - Insertion:
- Pronator Teres - Medial epicondyle of humerus - Radius
49
- Name: - Origin: - Insertion:
- Flexor carpi radialis - Medal epicondyle of humerus - Metacarpals
50
- Name: - Origin: - Insertion:
- Palmaris longus - Medial epicondyle of humerus - Metacarpals
51
- Name: - Origin: - Insertion:
- Flexor carpi ulnaris - Medial epicondyle of humerus - Metacarpalas
52
- Name: - Origin: - Insertion:
- Flexor digitorums superficialis - Medial epicondyle of humerus - Digits
53
- Name: - Origin: - Insertion:
- Flexor pollicis longus - Radius - Digit 1
54
- Name: - Origin: - Insertion:
- Flexor digitorum profundus - Ulna - Digits
55
- Name: - Origin: - Insertion:
- Pronator quadratus - Ulna - Radius
56
- Name: - Origin: - Insertion:
- Extensor carpi radialis longus and brevis - Lateral epicondyle of humerus - Metacarpals
57
- Name: - Origin: - Insertion:
- Extensor digitorum - Lateral epicondyle of humerus - Digits
58
- Name: - Origin: - Insertion:
- Extensor digiti minimi - Lateral epicondyle of humerus - Digits
59
- Name: - Origin: - Insertion:
- Extensor carpi ulnaris - Lateral epicondyle of humerus - Metacarpals
60
- Name: - Origin: - Insertion: - Action:
- Tensor Fascia Latae - Anterior Superior iliac spine - Lateral condyle of tibia - Abduction and lateral rotation of femur
61
- Name: - Origin: - Insertion: - Action:
- Sartorius - Anterior Superior iliac spine - Proximal, medial tibia - Hip flexion, hip abduction, lateral rotation
62
- Name: - Origin: - Insertion: - Action:
- Gluteus Maximus - Iliac crest, sacrum coccyx - Lateral surface of femur - Abduction at the hip
63
- Name: - Origin: - Insertion: - Action:
- Gluteus Medius - Posterior surface of iliac crest - Greater trochanter of femur - Abduction at the hip
64
- Name: - Origin: - Insertion: - Action:
- Adductor Longus - Superior ramus and inferior ramus of pubis - Linea aspera of femur - Hip adduction
65
- Name: - Origin: - Insertion: - Action:
- Adductor Magnus - Superior ramus and inferior ramus of pubis - Linea aspera of femur - Hip adduction
66
- Name: - Origin: - Insertion: - Action:
- Gracilis - Superior ramus and inferior ramus of pubis - Proximal medial tibia - Hip adduction
67
What muscles make up the Quadriceps Femoris? Where do they insert & What is there common action?
- Rectus Femoris, Vastus Medialis, Vastus Lateralis, Vastus intermedius - All insert on the tigial tuberosity - Common action is knee extension
68
- Name: - Origin: - Insertion: - Action:
- Rectus Femoris - Anterior Inferior iliac spine - Tibial tuberosity - Knee extension and hip flexion
69
- Name: - Origin: - Insertion: - Action:
- Vastus Medialis - Medial Femur - Tibial tuberosity - Knee extension and hip flexion
70
- Name: - Origin: - Insertion: - Action:
- Vastus Lateralis - Greater trochanter and lateral femur - Tibial tuberosity - Knee extension and hip flexion
71
- What Muscles make up the hamstring? - Where is their common origin & what is their common action?
- Biceps Femoris, Semitendinosus, Semimembranosus - All originate on the ischial tuberosity - Common action is knee flexion
72
- Name: - Origin: - Insertion: - Action: - Made of what other muscles or parts?
- Biceps Femoris - Ischial Tuberosity - Head of fibula - Knee flexion - Long and Short part
73
- Name: - Origin: - Insertion: - Action:
- Semitendinosus - Ischial Tuberosity - Proximal medial tibia - Knee flexion
74
- Name: - Origin: - Insertion: - Action:
- Semimembranosus - Ischial Tuberosity - Medial condyle of tibia - Knee flexion
75
- Name: - Origin: - Insertion: - Action:
- Tibialis Anterior - Lateral shaft of tibia - 1st cuneiform and 1st metatarsal - Dorsiflexion of the ankle & ankle inversion
76
- Name: - Origin: - Insertion: - Action:
- Extensor Digitorum Longus - Lateral shaft of tibia - Digits 2,3,4,5 - Dorsiflexion of the ankle & extension of the toes
77
- Name: - Origin: - Insertion: - Action:
- Extensor Hallucis Longus - Lateral shaft of tibia - Digit 1 - Dorsiflexion of the ankle & extension of the toes
78
- Name: - Origin: - Insertion: - Action:
- Gastrocnemius - Medial and lateral condyles of the femur - Calcaneus (heel bone) - Planter flexion at the ankle and knee flexion
79
- Name: - Origin: - Insertion: - Action:
- Fibularis Longus and Brevis - Head of fibula - 1st cuneiform and 1st metatarsal - Ankle eversion
80
- Name:
- Calcaneal tendon

Human Anatomy (12 decks)

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