Chapter 10 - Operating Fire Pumps Flashcards
(121 cards)
1
Q
Three sources of water to supply pumping operation
A
onboard water tank, pressurized water source, static water source
2
Q
The two basic pressurized water supply sources that a driver/operator will encounter are a ?
A
fire hydrant or supply hose from another pumper p 339
3
Q
Pumping at a low residual pressure (below _____ psi) while being supplied by other apparatus is dangerous. This may cause the supply hose to __________, interrupting the supply of water. It may also lead to cavitation of the pump.
A
20 psi / collapse p 339
4
Q
Driver/Operators should maintain a residual pressure of at least ______ psi on their master intake gauge at all times during pumping operations.
A
20 psi p 340
5
Q
The initial water source is often the apparatus ________ _______.
A
water tank p 337
6
Q
Typically the least desirable hydrants are those located on “________ ______ ________” that are served by smaller mains from only one direction.
A
“dead end mains” p 340
7
Q
- Water main that is not looped and in which water can flow in only one direction.
A
Dead End Mains p 340
8
Q
One of the most common ways for a pumper to be supplied with water from a hydrant is by making a ?
A
forward hose lay p 341
9
Q
- Method of laying hose from the water supply to the fire scene.
A
Forward Lay p 341
10
Q
- Method of laying hose from the fire scene to the water supply.
A
Reverse Lay p 344
11
Q
Load hose with a _________ coupling to come out of the bed first when using hose with threaded couplings for a reverse lay.
A
male p 344
12
Q
Use double _________ adapters at the hydrant and double ________ adapters at the pump panel to execute a reverse lay using hose with threaded couplings if the hose bed has been set up for a forward lay.
A
female / male p 344
13
Q
Executing a reverse lay is a common method for setting up a water supply operation or relay pumping using __________ diameter hose as a supply line.
A
medium p 344
14
Q
With medium diameter hose, it is necessary to position a pumper at the ___________ to supplement the pressure to the supply hose.
A
hydrant p 344
15
Q
The reverse lay is the most direct method of supplementing _____________ ____________ or performing ____________ _____________.
A
hydrant pressure or performing drafting operations p 344
16
Q
- 2 1/2 or 3 inch hose used for both fire fighting attack and relay supply purposes.
A
Medium Diameter Hose (MDH) p 344
17
Q
- (1) Pumper that is positioned at the fire scene and is directly supplying attack lines. (2) Light truck equipped with a small pump and water tank. Also know as Midi-pumper or Mini-pumper.
A
Attack Pumper p 344
18
Q
- Pumper that takes water from a source and sends it to attack pumpers operating at the fire scene.
A
Water Supply Pumper p 344
19
Q
If water is allowed to enter the tank _________ _____________, the venting may not be adequate to allow the pressure to dissipate, resulting in damage to the tank.
A
under pressure p 345
20
Q
Regardless of whether a particular apparatus is equipped with a check valve in the tank to pump line or a shutoff valve on the intake, the driver/operator should close the tank to pump valve after transitioning to an ?
A
external water supply p 345
21
Q
When the pump is full of water and the pressure in the system has stabilized with no water flowing, a reading of the pressure on the master intake gauge indicates the ___________ _____________ in the water supply system. The reading is important for estimating the remaining _________ of the hydrant as the water begins to move.
A
static pressure / capacity p 346
22
Q
Pumps supplying a relay operation or master stream are usually used to supply large amounts of water, requiring the use of a ____________ (___________) setting of the transfer valve.
A
parallel (volume) p 346
23
Q
Open all valves slowly, especially when using ________ ____________ hose. The hose must be __________ before pressure can be established.
A
large diameter / filled p 346
24
Q
While observing the master intake and discharge gauges, the D/O should increase the engine ______. If the master intake gauge drops below _____ psi, the throttle must not be ____________ any further because the pump may begin to cavitate.
A
rpm / 20 psi / increased p 346
25
Several methods for preventing overheating are as follows: \* Establish a continuous minimum _______ during intermittent use of water in fireground operations to keep the pump from overheating. \* Pull a length of ___________ line or other _________ \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ line off the reel and fasten it to a sturdy object. \* Open the valve that supplies the booster reel and ___________ \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ in a direction that will not interfere with the operation or damage to other property. The booster line may also be directed back into the ________ to circulate water continuously.m
\* flow \* booster / small diameter \* discharge water / tank p 347
26
During prolonged pumping operations, a bypass circulator may not provide sufficient cooling under some conditions and additional measures will be required to avoid overheating. \* Open a ____________ \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ valve. \* Partially open the \_\_\_\_\_\_-\_\_\_\_\_\_ valve or \_\_\_\_\_\_-\_\_\_-\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ line. Even if the water tank becomes full and _____________ through the tank vent, this result is preferable to the pump overheating.
\* discharge drain \* tank-fill / tank-to-pump / overflows p 347
27
When a pumper is connected to a hydrant and is not discharging water, the pressure shown on the intake gauge is __________ pressure. When the pumper is discharging water, the intake gauge displays the ___________ pressure. The difference between the two pressures is used to determine how much more water the ___________ can supply.
static / residual / hydrant p 347
28
Available Water from Hydrant Percent Method: Percent Drop = ( _________ - ___________ )(100) / \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_
Percent Drop = (Static - Residual)(100) / Static p 348
29
Available Water from Hydrant Percent Method: If the percent is ____ or less, three additional lines with the same flow as the line being supplied may be added. For \_\_\_\_-\_\_\_\_ percent, two lines may be added, and for \_\_\_\_-\_\_\_\_\_ percent one line. When the result is over _____ percent, more water may be available, but not as much as is flowing through the first line.
10 / 11-15 / 16-25 / 25 p 348
30
All fire department pumpers should be capable of pumping water from a _________ \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ supply source. In most cases, this source is located some distance below the level of the ?
static water / fire pump p 352
31
It is not possible to ______ water into the pump. However, it is possible to evacuate some of the air inside the pump creating a ____________ \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ (\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_), which allows atmospheric pressure acting on the surface of the water to force the water into the fire pump.
pull / pressure differential ( partial vacuum) p 352
32
- Effect of altering the atmospheric pressure within a confined space by mechanical means. When air is exhausted from within the space, a low pressure environment is created and replacement air will be drawn in; when air is blown into the space, a high-pressure environment is created and air within will to the outside.
Pressure Differential p 352
33
In order to create a pressure differential ( partial vacuum ), an airtight, ______________ waterway ( _______ \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ hose ) must be used between the fire pump and the static water source.
noncollapsible / hard intake p 352
34
Drafting Operations A hose with smaller diameter and greater length has __________ friction loss, which allows ________ water at the pump.
higher / less p 352
35
Most pumps are able to develop a vacuum capacity of approximately _____ inches of mercury.
22 inches p 354
36
In theory, cavitation can be described as water being ?
discharged faster than it is coming into the pump. p 354
37
Cavitation occurs when _____ \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ are created in the pump or __________ pass through the pump.
air cavities / bubbles p 354
38
The first consideration in establishing a drafting operation is _________ \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.
site selection p 354
39
The most important factor in choosing the draft site is the ?
amount of water available p 355
40
In order for a pumper to approach it's rated capacity using a traditional strainer, there must be at least _____ inches of water over the strainer.
24 inches p 355
41
When using a portable tank or swimming pool for drafting operations a \_\_\_\_\_-\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ strainer is the appliance of choice.
low-level strainer p 356
42
What type of strainers are designed to sit directly on the bottom of a tank or pool and allow water to be effectively drafted down to a depth of approximately 2 inches?
low-level strainers p 356
43
Water temperature will also affect drafting operations. Water below \_\_\_\_F or above \_\_\_\_F may adversely impact the ability of the pump to reach capacity.
35\*F / 90\*F p 356
44
- Water that has not been examined, properly treated, and not approved by appropriate authorities as being safe for consumption.
Nonpotable Water p 356
45
All fire pumps meeting NFPA and Underwriters Laboratories Inc. requirements are rated to pump their capacity at _____ feet of lift. If the lift is less, the capacity of the pump is \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_; if the lift is greater the capacity \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.
10 feet / higher / decreases p 357
46
A pumper in good working order can lift water a maximum of _____ feet. However all available atmospheric pressure is required to overcome this lift. As a result, the remaining capacity of the pump is of little value for ?
25 feet / fire suppression p 357
47
To create an effective fire stream, a lift of no greater than _____ feet is recommended. Working with this lift, the pump operates at about ____ percent of its rated capacity.
20 feet / 60 percent p 357
48
When selecting a site for drafting, the lift must be kept as ? It is more desirable to lay out an extra 100 feet of ________ \_\_\_\_\_ to set up at a draft location where the lift will be lower and more water supplied.
low as possible / supply line p 357
49
When the pump has been made operational, __________ the pump will begin the drafting operation.
priming p 358
50
Drafting: For two stage pumps, the transfer valve must be in the ___________ position.
parallel ( volume ) p 358
51
Drafting: A pump in _________ position may trap air that will need to be removed.
series (pressure) p 358
52
If the primer is a __________ \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ pump that is driven by a transfer case, set the engine rpm according to the manufacturers instructions. Most priming pumps are intended to work most effectively when the engine is set at a rate between ________ and ________ rpm.
positive displacement / 1000 and 1200 rpm p 359
53
Drafting: As the air is evacuated from the pump the master intake gauge will register a vacuum reading. This reading should equal ___ \_\_\_\_\_\_ of mercury for ___ \_\_\_\_\_\_ of lift required.
1 inch / 1 foot p 359
54
Drafting: As the primer operates, the vacuum reading should ___________ as atmospheric pressure forces water into the intake hose.
increase p 359
55
Drafting: The entire priming action typically requires _____ to _____ seconds from start to finish. However, when up to 20 feet of intake hose is lifting a maximum of 10 vertical feet, it may take as long as ____ seconds.
10 to 15 seconds / 30 seconds p 359
56
Drafting: The most common inability to prime is an ______ \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ that prevents the primer from developing enough vacuum to successfully draft water.
air leak p 359
57
Drafting: The most common cause of an air leak is an ?
open drain or valve p 359
58
Drafting: After successfully priming the pump, the __________ setting should be slowly increased before attempting to open any discharges.
throttle p 360
59
After priming: Open the desired discharge valve slowly while observing the discharge pressure. If the pressure drops below ______ psi, pause for a brief time to allow it to stabilize before opening the valve further.
50 psi p 360
60
Constant movement of water through the pump is required to prevent \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_. This flow is also important to maintain the __________ that the primer has established in the pump.
overheating / vacuum p 360
61
Drafting after priming: Without moving water, even a very small air leak may result in a loss of \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.
vacuum p 360
62
Several types of problems may occur during drafting operations. They fall into the following general categories: \* Air leak on the _________ side of the pump \* _______________ allowing air to enter the pump \* Air leakage due to defective _______ packing
\* intake \* whirlpool \* pump p 360-361
63
Drafting: While the pump is operating, a gradual increase in the vacuum may be noted with no change in the flow rate. This is an indication that a ____________ is developing.
blockage p 361
64
Drafting: The most common place for a blockage to occur is in the \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.
strainer p 361
65
Supporting Automatic Sprinkler Systems: If no specific information is available, the general guideline is to discharge ______ psi into the FDC.
150 psi p 363
66
- Wet or dry system of pipes in a large single story or multistory building, with fire hose outlets installed in different areas or on different levels of a building to used by firefighters and/or building occupants. Allows for the quick deployment of hoselines during fire fighting operations.
Standpipe System p 364
67
True or False: Standpipe systems Both wet and dry systems should be supplied by a fire department pumper to supplement the system's water supply.
True p 364
68
Add approximately ____ psi for each floor above the fire department connection that will have operating fire streams.
5 psi p 365
69
Do not use pump discharge pressure in excess of _____ psi unless the standpipe system, hose, and appliances have been designed to function under high pressures.
185 psi p 365
70
When a standpipe system is known to be equipped with \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_-\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ valves, the elevation pressure used must be based on the total height of the standpipe or zone being used.
pressure-reducing p 365
71
- Valve installed at standpipe connection that is designed to reduce the amount of water pressure at that discharge to a specific pressure, usually 100 psi.
Pressure-Reducing Valve p 365
72
Making a fire pump operational, commonly referred to as " putting the pump into gear " begins after the apparatus is properly __________ and the ________ \_\_\_\_\_\_\_ has been set.
positioned / parking brake p 336
73
Most apparatus are designed so that the procedure for making the pump operational is performed entirely from the ?
cab of the vehicle p 336
74
Water supply from the _________ water tank is the sole source of supply for many incidents.
onboard p 336
75
The ______ \_\_\_\_\_\_ line may also be used to circulate water through the onboard tank in order to maintain cooling.
tank fill p 338
76
In order to prevent overheating of the pump, a means of moving ?
water through the pump must be implemented p 337-338
77
If the ___________ \_\_\_\_\_\_ volume is increased too much, the ________ pressure from the supply source may be reduced to a point that may damage the pump or water supply system.
discharge flow / intake p 339
78
Water supply systems must maintain a residual pressure of at least 20 psi within their mains for several reasons; _____________ from sources outside the main may occur if the pressure in the main drops too low. In addition overtaking the water system may cause __________ and ________ that has formed in older pipes to loosen, which in turn damage the piping or reduce the water flow.
contamination / sediment and debris p 340
79
\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ and ______ \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ needs may indicate that the closest hydrant to the fire may not be the most prudent choice.
Safety and fire fighting p 340
80
These hydrants generally have higher amounts of sediment and deterioration, which further reduce their capacity ?
Dead end mains p 340
81
One potential problem of the forward lay depends on the ?
distance from the hydrant to the fire p 341
82
Some departments use a \_\_\_\_\_-\_\_\_\_\_ hydrant valve to aid the process of making a forward lay.
four-way p 340
83
Attach gate valve(s) to unused hydrant discharges on _____ \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ hydrants.
dry barrel p 342
84
Keep the distance as short as possible to avoid excess friction loss when using _____ inch or _____ inch hoselines to supply a pumper directly from hydrant pressure.
2 1/2 or 3 inch p 344
85
This method is used when a driver/operator first reports to the incident location to size up the scene before laying a supply line ?
Reverse lay p 344
86
Reverse lay ______________ needed for incident operation, including attack hose, must be removed and placed at the incident scene before the pumper can proceed to the water supply source. This may cause some _______ in beginning initial operations.
Equipment / delay p 344
87
Making a reverse lay A common two-pumper operation provides for an _______ pumper and a _______ \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ pumper.
attack / water supply p 344
88
When completing a reverse lay, it is not necessary to use a \_\_\_\_\_-\_\_\_\_\_ hydrant valve.
four-way p 344
89
Getting water into the pump After connections to the hydrant are made, conduct several ________ before opening the hydrant. Close the tank to pump valve if the intake is not equipped with a __________ valve.
checks / shutoff p 344
90
The D/O should record the ________ pressure reading before he or she begins to pump.
static p 346
91
When operating a two-stage pump, the D/O must set the __________ valve to the proper position before increasing the throttle to build the required discharge pressure. The selection is based on the amount of _________ to be supplied.
transfer valve / water p 346
92
If the master intake gauge reaches 20 psi, the _________ must not be increased further due to risk of cavitation.
throttle p 346
93
The ability to overcome losses in pressure is limited to atmospheric pressure at ?
sea level ( 14.7 psi ) p 352
94
Cavitation during drafting operations The high velocity of the water filling air cavities causes a severe _______ to the pump.
shock p 354
95
The ____________ of the water, the height of the \_\_\_\_\_, and the amount of water being ___________ affect the point at which cavitation begins.
temperature / lift / discharged p 354
96
The surest indication of cavitation may be a lack of reaction on the ___________ gauge to increases in the throttle.
pressure p 354
97
When a pump reaches the point of cavitation it is __________ all of the water that the atmospheric pressure or pressurized source can force into the \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_. When water is discharged from the pump faster than it can be taken in, increasing the pump rpm will not increase the __________ pressure.
discharging / intake / discharge p 354
98
Although cavitation can occur when operating from a hydrant system, it often occurs during ?
drafting operations p 354
99
Drafting It is helpful to have at least ____ inches of water all around the strainer in order to avoid drawing foreign objects such as sand or gravel into the pump.
24 inches p 355
100
A floating object placed above the strainer, even something as simple as a beach ball or capped plastic jug, may lessen the chances of \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.
whirlpool p 355
101
Although almost any type of water may be used for fire suppression, pumping __________ water may be harmful to the pump.
nonpotable ( untreated ) p 356
102
Each time nonpotable water is pumped through the apparatus, the pump and piping should be ?
thoroughly flushed with fresh water soon afterwards p 356
103
\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ to a water source is an important factor in selecting a drafting site.
Accessibility p 357
104
Drafting Once the sections of intake hose are connected to the strainer, it is usually easier to connect the hose to the intake fittings by first putting the strainer into the water, then placing the ?
apparatus into position p 358
105
Drafting Routing intake hose over a _____ \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_, such as a fence or guard rail that is higher than the pump intake, may trap air in the hose.
high point p 358
106
Drafting If the bottom slopes steeply from the water's edge, place a _____ \_\_\_\_\_\_\_ in the water and lay the intake hose on it.
roof ladder p 358
107
If the apparatus is a \_\_\_\_\_\_\_-type primer, the engine rpm should be kept as low as possible without causing the engine to stall.
vacuum p 359
108
Drafting The vacuum is measured from the surface of the _______ to the eye of the pump's \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.
water / impeller p 359
109
Drafting The priming action should not be halted until all _____ has been removed and a steady stream of ________ is discharged.
air / water p 359
110
Drafting after priming Increasing the throttle setting is required to raise the pressure to between ____ and _____ psi.
50 and 100 psi p 360
111
Drafting after priming If the pressure continues to drop, momentarily operating the ________ may eliminate any small pockets of air still trapped in the pump and restore the pressure to its point.
primer p 360
112
Operating the pump from draft Any deviation from the normal engine ___________ is a sign that another pumper may need to be brought in to continue the drafting operation.
temperature p 360
113
What is the most common source of problems while operating at draft?
Air leak on the intake side of the pump p 360
114
Properly installed and maintained ______ \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ have a proven history of providing reliable protection to many types of occupancies.
fire sprinklers p 362
115
Supporting automatic sprinkler systems The FDC connection may consist of a Siamese with at least two 2 1/2 inch __________ connections connected to a clapper inlet or one large diameter _________ connection.
female / sexless p 363
116
Supporting automatic sprinkler systems Multistage pumps should be operated in __________ position.
parallel ( volume ) p 363
117
\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ systems allow for quicker access to water supply for attack hoselines in multi-floor or single floor buildings with large floor areas.
Standpipe p 364
118
Supporting standpipe systems An aerial device may be used to create an ________ \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ by employing it's pre-piped water way or running hose up an aerial ladder.
external standpipe p 366
119
An external standpipe may also be created by hoisting up or rolling ______ down the outside of a building, securing it inside every two or three floors.
hose p 366
120
Troubleshooting Immediately upon any indication that water supply or pumping ability may be unattainable or interrupted, you must notify ?
the officer or Incident Commander p 366
121
