chapter 10 - organic chem

Question 1

structural isomers

Answer 1

compounds with the same molecular formula but different structures
- chain isomers
- positional isomers

Question 2

alkanes

Answer 2

CnH2n+2
- ane
- non polar
- saturated

Question 3

alkenes

Answer 3

C2H2n
- ene
- non polar
- unsaturated

Question 4

alkynes

Answer 4

CnH2n-2
- yne
- non polar
- unstaurated

Question 5

benzene

Answer 5

C6H6
- unsaturated
- 5 carbons, each has 3 bonds around it (2 C and 1 H) and 6 delocalised electrons in a ring

Question 6

stereoisomers

Answer 6

• optical isomers
• geometric isomers

Question 7

optical isomers

Answer 7

• mirror image of each other
• if there are four different groups on a C (chiral)
• two forms are not superimposable
• L and D

Question 8

geometric isomers

Answer 8

• cis
• trans

Question 9

haloalkanes

Answer 9

CnH2n+1X
add chloro-, bromo-, iodo-, floro-
name as alkane

Question 10

alcohol

Answer 10

CnH2n+1OH
- ol
- hydroxyl group
- polar
primary alcohol - OH on terminal C
secondary alcohol - OH in C bonded to two other C
tertiary alcohols - OH on C bonded to three other C

Question 11

amines

Answer 11

CnH2n+1NH2
- amine
- amino group
- polar
primary amine - NH2 bonded to one C
secondary amine - NH2 is bonded to 2 C
tertiary amine - NH2 is bonded to 3 C

Question 12

carboxylic acids

Answer 12

Cn-1H2n-1COOH
- oic acid
- carboxyl group
- always on end

Question 13

amino acid

Answer 13

NH2 + Cn-1H2n-1COOH

Question 14

aldehydes

Answer 14

RCHO
- al
- carbonyl
- always on end

Question 15

ketones

Answer 15

RCOR’
- one
- carbonyl
- in middle

Question 16

amide

Answer 16

CONH2
- mix of carbonyl and amino

Question 17

ester

Answer 17

COO
- oate
- eg propyl propanoate
- first alcohol without double bond
- second carboxylic acid with double bond