Chapter 10 Part 1 Flashcards
(21 cards)
Interaction theories very radically transformed deviance studies by showing that ______________________ and that the particular categories that any society has are not immutable
deviance is a process of social construction
Interaction theories focus on the interpretation given to _____________, and on the way such interpretation helps to construct the ___________ ________, the identities of people, and ultimately, how they behave
behaviour, social world
What are the 7 main characteristics of interaction theories?
- All interaction theories are concerned with the way meaning is constructed
- Most interaction theories pay little attention to norm-violating acts that are not remarked on by observers or treated by the deviant as a permanent part of his or her identity
- Interaction theories focus on organized, systematic deviance that is (or threatens to become) part of the deviant’s social identity or role
- All interaction theories are sequential.
- All interaction theories deal to some degree, implicitly or explicitly, with the idea of stigma
- Most theorists in the interaction paradigm engage in “underdog sociology”
- Most interaction theorists are tacitly supportive of the deviants they study
______ _________ emphasizes how meaning emerges in social interaction, how the social self is produced in socialization and influenced thereafter, how the way we appear affects how others see us, how we see ourselves mirrored in others treatments of us…….
Symbolic Interaction Theory
Summary: BASICALLY HOW SEE OURSELVES AND HOW OTHERS SEE US
Societal reaction theory
emphasizes under what circumstances and how social responses are formulated and applied
What are the three central concepts of social interaction theory
- The Social Self - the image we present to others in interaction
- Significant others - are those who have particular influence in our lives
- Generalized others - are those referred to in the cliche “What will people say?”
Social reaction theory
Focuses more explicitly on the views of those who react and does not pay very much attention to the deviants who are defined this way or how they react to being designated as deviants
What is the best known scale of social distance and what does it do?
Bogardus scale, asks respondents whether they would willingly welcome someone with a particular characteristic (physical or behavioural) into their family, workplace community etc
Who came up with labelling theory?
Howard Becker
What is labelling theory?
Deviance is not a quality of the act a person commits but rather a consequence of the application by others of rules and sanctions to an “offender”
In other words, the deviant is one to whom that label has successfully been applied; deviant behaviour is labeled
According to Frank Tannenbaum who came up with labeling theory “The making of the criminal…. is a process of tagging, defining, identifying… it becomes a way of stimulating, suggesting emphasizing and evoking the very traits that are complained of” He called this _________
Dramatization of evil
What were the two main types of deviance that Edwin Lemert recognized?
Primary and Secondary Deviance
Primary Deviance
often unnoticed or rationalized by other or the self is situationally induced and not part of self image
Ex. Child got hurt, dont know if some nice person accidentally hurt child or child hater hurt child
Secondary Deviance
The result of labels and sanctions
- may incorporate deviant behaviour into the “me” due to being labeled deviant
Tertiary Deviance
the deviant person stands up for the right to be different
________ _______ emphasizes the way being labelled influences how others see us, how we see ourselves and how we conduct ourselves as a result
Labelling Theory
The labels that we employ come from both ________ ________ and _________ _________
Personal Experience, cultural traditions
What are some consequences of labeling people as deviant members of our society?
- They start to become more de
- Lower’s their chances of escaping criminal behaviour
- Can increase likely to engage in criminal behaviours if falsely labeled
Moral Panic
People become concerned with a particular social issue in a way that seems to reflect a broader social anxiety
When can moral panic be recognized?
When the mass media defines a condition, episode, person or group as a threat to social values and rouse all “right-thinking” people to defend against the threat that they pose
According to Goode and Yahuda, the main indicators that a moral panic is taking place are
Concern, consensus, hostility, disproportionality and volatility
