chapter 10: Piaget's theory of childhood cognitive development Flashcards
(36 cards)
how does Piaget propose that cognitive development proceeds?
He proposes that children move from one stage to the next by interacting with the physical environment to actively construct their own understanding (universal constructivist theory)
what is Piaget’s universal constructivist theory?
children moving from one stage to the next by interacting with the physical environment to actively construct their own understanding
what is a scheme?
a basic set concepts, gained through personal exploration, which characterize the world around us. (how things act or can be acted upon)
what is assimilation?
occurs when a stimulus is acted upon or understood in terms of existing schemes.
what is accommodation
occurs when encountering new stimuli or events causes a change in existing ways of thinking, understanding, or behaving.
what characterizes Piaget’s sensorimotor sub stage?
mental life begins as the infant interacts with the physical world through their senses and bodies
when does this period take place?
from birth to 2 years
what characterizes each sensorimotor sub stage:
1- simple reflexes?
first month: newborns use inborn reflexes to explore the world (sucking, grasping), some reflexes begin to show accommodation (suck on different objects differently)
2- what characterizes primary circular reactions?
1 to 4 months: they occur at first by chance but due to their interesting effects, they are repeated over and over
3- what characterizes secondary circular reactions?
4 to 8 months: infants try to repeat interesting events that they cause in the surrounding environment (coordinated actions are no longer limited to their own body).
4- what characterizes the coordination of secondary circular reactions?
8 to 12 months: infants demonstrate goal-directed behavior in which several schemes are coordinated to solve a problem.
5- what characterizes the tertiary circular reactions?
12 to 18 months: infants are no longer limited to simply repeating interesting actions. they perform experiments by deliberately varying their actions to observe the consequences.
6- what characterizes the beginning of thought?
18 to 24 months: external exploration is replaced mental exploration using representational thought (the ability to picture objects and events in the mind).
what is the link between peek-a-boo and representational thought
to be completed
what is object permanence
the ability to mentally represent objects in order to understand that they continue to exist even though they cannot be seen, heard, or touched
at what age did Piaget find that infants search for hidden object?
by 10 to 12 months
what is the A-not-B error?
to be added
what is invisible displacement?
to be added
when did Piaget suggest children fully get object permanence?
by 2 years
understanding Baillarigeon’s follow up experiment on object permanence
to be added
how was this research done?
to be added
what does it suggest about younger infants’ understanding of object permanence?
to be added
what characterizes Piaget’s preoperational stage?
to be added
when does this period take place?
2 to 7 years
