Chapter 10 - Reproduction

Question 1

Ovaries

Answer 1

come in pairs, suspended by a ligament.

Question 2

Oviducts

Answer 2

open ended tubes that lead to the uterus from the ovaries.

Question 3

Uterus

Answer 3

composed of 2 uterine horns that merge at the bottom to form one body

Question 4

Cervix

Answer 4

the gate between uterus and vagina

Question 5

What is the primary function of the ovaries?

Answer 5

to produce the ova (egg) and produce hormones.

Question 6

What hormones do the ovaries produce?

Answer 6

estrogen, progesterone

Question 7

Graafian Follicle

Answer 7

mature follicle; found on ovaries

Question 8

When does ovulation occur?

Answer 8

When the follicle ruptures.

Question 9

Corpus Luteum

Answer 9

found on ovary; after ovulation the follicle becomes Corpus Luteum

Question 10

Progesterone (produced by? Maintains?)

Answer 10

produced by CL; maintains pregancy

Question 11

Oviducts

Answer 11

the location where the egg and sperm meet.

Question 12

Infundibulum

Answer 12

guides the egg into the oviduct (catchers mitt)

Question 13

Uterus

Question 14

Cervix

Answer 14

the gates into the uterus; the posterior outlet between the uterus and the vagina

Question 15

The cervix undergoes changes during ______ and _______.

Answer 15

estrus; partuirition

Question 16

Vagina (organ of? ___ during ___? ____ ___ role?)

Answer 16

is the organ of copulation in females; birth canal during parturition; has a dual passage role for urinary & reproductive systems.

Question 17

Hens have no well-defined __________.

Answer 17

estrous cycle

Question 18

Young poultry are not _____ because hens do not produce _________.

Answer 18

suckles; milk

Question 19

A hen’s tract includes ______.

Answer 19

2 ovaries and oviducts

Question 20

What side on poultry doesn’t ever develop?

Answer 20

the right side

Question 21

In hen’s, the ovary appears as a _________. (position in body)

Answer 21

cluster of yolks in front of the left kidney

Question 22

Oviduct (in poultry)

Answer 22

long glandular tube that leads from the ovary to the cloaca

Question 23

What part of the oviduct process is the same in poultry as it is in other animals?

Answer 23

the infundibulum; “catcher’s mitt” it guides the egg into the oviduct

Question 24

Magnum (Poultry)

Answer 24

it secretes albumen

Question 25

Isthmus

Answer 25

adds the shell

Question 26

Uterus

Answer 26

adds any pigmentation

Question 27

What is the purpose of the egg in poultry?

Answer 27

it supports the chick during incubation period for 3-4 days after hatching.

Question 28

How long is the time period from ovulation to laying in poultry?

Answer 28

24 hours

Question 29

What are the hypothalamus and anterior pituitary (AP)

Answer 29

they release hormones that control the cycling nature of sexually mature females.

Question 30

The hypothalamus releases ________. Which goes to the __________.

Answer 30

GnRH (Gonadotropin Releasing Hormone); Anterior Pituitary

Question 30

The Anterior Pituitary releases _______ & _______.

Answer 30

FSH (Follicle Stimulating Hormone) & LH (Luteinizing Hormone)

Question 31

The Luteinizing Hormone causes ____________ in the ________.

Answer 31

ovulation; ovary

Question 32

What happens in the Anterior Pituitary?

Answer 32

follicles mature; estrogen is released from the ovary

Question 33

The estrogen being released from the ovary stimulates________.

Answer 33

GnRH (Gonadotropin releasing hormone) & sexual behavior

Question 34

Estrous cycle is...

Answer 34

a pattern of predictable reproductive events in female farm animals.

Question 35

The estrous cycle starts with the __________.

Answer 35

expression of heat. (Standing heat to standing heat).

Question 36

What are the 3 main types of cycles?

Answer 36

Polyestrus, seasonally polyestrus, & monoestrus

Question 37

Polyestrus (what animals are?)

Answer 37

the animal has a cycle all throughout the year (cattle and swine)

Question 38

Seasonally Polyestrus (what animals are?) *They can be...

Answer 38

the animal has many cycles in a certain season (sheep, goat, horse); can be manipulated

Question 39

Monoestrus (what animals are?)

Answer 39

single cycle once or twice a year (dogs)

Question 40

Estrus is when...

Answer 40

the female is the most receptive to the male

Question 41

Describe the estrous cycle (

Answer 41

1) FSH increases the size of ovarian follicle 2) ovarian follicle begins producing estrogen 3) Estrus or heat happens 4) ovulation occurs after estrus behavior has stopped. The follicle ruptures due to the LH surge) 5) LH triggers luteal cells to start producing progesterone (the pregnancy hormone)

Question 42

If the animal is pregnant, the...

Answer 42

Corpus Luteum continues to make progesterone (the pregnancy hormone)

Question 43

If the animal is not pregnant, the...

Answer 43

uterus releases PGF2a (prostaglandin) that shrinks CL which then drops progesterone levels and starts another cycle.

Question 44

When does pregnancy begin?

Answer 44

when fertilization begins (the gestation period)

Question 45

Placentation

Answer 45

the formation of placenta occurs with material recognition

Question 46

Placenta

Answer 46

a temporary organ; it is the connection between the dam and fetus; it allows the transfer of nutrients, waste, and produces hormones

Question 47

Attachments to the placenta