Chapter 10: Stress and Worker Well-being

Question 1

What is work stress?

Answer 1

External pressures (stressors), that create a specific tension (stress reaction or strain). The limit of tolerance, dependent upon personal and situational factors.

Question 2

Fight-or-flight reaction

Answer 2

Is an adaptive response to stressful situations exhibited by humans in which they choose to either fight or escape.

Question 3

Eustress

Answer 3

A type of stress that provides challenges that motivate individuals to work hard and meet their goals.

Question 4

Distress

Answer 4

At type of stress resulting from chronically demanding situations that produces negative helaht outcomes.

Question 5

General adaption syndrom (GAS)

Answer 5

A identical response to almost any disease or trauma.

Question 6

Alamr reaction

Answer 6

Is a stage of the general adaptation syndrome in which the body mobilizes resources to cope with added stress.

Question 7

Stress hormone

Answer 7

A chemica relased in the body when a person encounters stressful situations.

Question 8

Resistance

Answer 8

In a stage of GAS in which the body copes with the orginal source of stress but resitance to other stressors is lowered.

Question 9

Exhaustion

Answer 9

Is a stage of GAS in which overlal resistance drops and adverse consequences can result unless stress in reduced.

Question 10

Problem-focused coping

Answer 10

A type of coping directed at managing or altering a problem cuasing the stress.

Question 12

Emotion-focused coping

Answer 12

A type of coping directed at reducing the emotional repsone to a problem by avoiding the problem.

Question 13

Stressor

Answer 13

A physical or psychological demand to which an individual responds

Question 14

Strains

Answer 14

A reaction or response to stressors

Question 15

Physical stressors

Answer 15

• Physical conditions like noise, heat, cold, heavy (physical labor).
• Work demands like work pace, workload, work hours.

Question 16

Interpersonal conflict

Answer 16

Negative interaction with co-workers

Question 17

Role stressors

Answer 17

Is a collective term for stressors resulting from the multiple tasks requirements. The role is the expectations regarding the responsibilities and requirements of a particular job.

Question 18

Role ambiguity

Answer 18

A stressor that occurs when employees lack clear knowledge of what behaviro is expected in their job.

Question 19

Role confilict

Answer 19

Is a stressor that occurs when demands from different soruces are incompatible.

Question 20

Role overload

Answer 20

Is a stressor that occurs when demands for differen soruces are incompatible.

Question 21

Role overload

Answer 21

Is a stressor that occurs when an individual is expected to fulfill too many roles at the same time.

Question 22

Work-family conflict

Answer 22

Is a situation that occurs when workers experience when they have not enough time for both.

Question 23

Emotional labor

Answer 23

A regulation of one’s emotions to meet job demands. Can be achieved through surface acting and deep acting.

Question 24

Surface acting

Answer 24

Emotional labor that consits of managing or faking one’s expressions or emotions.

Question 25

Deep acting

Answer 25

Emotional labor that consists of managing one's feeling including emotions requried by the job.

Question 26

Work stressors | Cause of Work stress

Answer 26

- Physical stressors - Psychological and emotional stressors - - Lack of control/predictability - -Interpersonal conflict - -Role stressors, abiguity, conflict, overload - -Work-family conflict - -Emotional labour

Question 27

Strains | Consequences of Work Stess

Answer 27

Physical/physiological; - (stress) hormonal changes. - Cardiovascular, biochemical, immune system. Phychological; -Burnout, mental exhaustion Behavioral; - Decreased information processing, reduced task. - Performance, counterproductive work behavior.

Question 29

Change-related stressors

Answer 29

Work demands that have gains for individuals but can be stressful.

Question 30

Hindrance-related stressors

Answer 30

Are job demands that tend to limit individuals work

Question 31

Burnout

Answer 31

An extreme state of psychological strain resulting from a prolonged response to chronic job stressors that exceed an individual's resource to scope.

Question 32

Emotional exhaustion

Answer 32

A burnouts that occurs when individuals feel emotionally drained by work.

Question 32

Depersonalization

Answer 32

A burnout that occurs when individuals become hardened by their job and tend to treat clients like objects.

Question 33

Low perosnal accomplishments

Answer 33

A burnout in which individuals feel they can't deal with problems effectively and understnad or identify with other problems.

Question 34

Shift work

Answer 34

Scheduling work into temporal shifts

Question 35

Circadian cycle

Answer 35

24h cycle with people sleeping and being active while it's light outside.

Question 36

Fixed shift

Answer 36

A particular shift that is permanently assigned to a worker.

Question 37

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Question 37

Rotating shift

Answer 37

A shift that changes over a certain period of time.

Question 38

Flextime

Answer 38

Is a schedule in which individuals choose their own times to work.

Question 39

Work Stess Moderators/resources

Answer 39

Personal resources; - Locus of control - Hardiness (control, commitment, challenge). - Self-esteem - Type A behaviroal pattern (performance orientated, irritable, time, urgent). Situational resources; - Social support (colleagues, friends, family). - Job characteristics (variation, autonomy). - Feedback, rewards, appreciation.

Question 40

Person-Environment Fit model | French et al, 1982

Answer 40

The extent to whcih a personal experience stress is dependent upon the fit between person and environment. - Person-Job fit - Person-organization fit

Question 41

Person-job fit

Answer 41

Extent to which the skills and interest of individual are compatible with the job.

Question 42

Personal-organization fit

Answer 42

Extent to which the values of an employee are equal to the values of most other employees.

Question 43

Demand-control model | Karasek 1979

Answer 43

A model suggesting that two factors are prominent in producing job stess: 1. Job demands - workload and/or intellecutal demands. 2. Job control - autonomy, opportunities (different) skill use.

Question 44

Type a behavior pattern (TABP)

Answer 44

A set of characteristics exhibited by individuals who are enganged in a chronic struggled to obtain an unlimeted number of poorly defined things from their environment in the shortest period of time.

Question 45

Honstility (feeling)

Answer 45

Is a subcomponent of TABP with increased section of stress hormones.

Question 46

Achivement striving (AS)

Answer 46

The tendency to active and to work ahrd in achiving one's goal (subcomponent of TABP)

Question 47

Impatience

Answer 47

Subcomponent of TABP that reflects intolerance and frustation resulting from being slowed down.

Question 48

Time urgency

Answer 48

Is a TABP behavior pattern that refers to the feeling of being pressured by inadequate time.

Question 49

Occupational health psychology

Answer 49

The area of psychology that involves the improvement of quality of work life and protecting wellbeing of workers.

Question 51

Primary prevention strategies

Answer 51

Are stress provention strategies conerned with modifying or eliminating** stressors of work**. Adaptation of work situation. - Job (re)design - Individual Congitive restructering.

Question 52

Secondary prevention strategies

Answer 52

Stress response so if people are stressed. Enhancing coping skills/ wyas of dealing with stress (proactive and reactive). - Builing social support systems at work. - Individual skills training.

Question 53

Tertiary prevention

Answer 53

Stess consequences (people with burnout) to get people back to work. Healing of stress consequences (reactive). - Employee Assistance programmes at work. - Medical care, psychotherapy, counseling for individual.

Question 54

How can we trive at work?

Answer 54

- Positive emotions - Positive self-image - Commitment - Engagement Balance between work demands and resources; - Eliminate stressors - Increase resources - Enhance coping skills. Fair working environment; - Fair reward - Information and voice - Respectful treatment