Chapter 10 Test Review

Question 1

What does ‘Democratic’ mean in the context of rights?

Answer 1

Ensuring that all people have the same rights

This concept emphasizes equality and fairness in access to rights.

Question 2

Define ‘Laissez Faire’.

Answer 2

Idea that government should play as small a role as possible in economic affairs

This principle advocates minimal government intervention in the economy.

Question 3

What is a ‘Free Market’?

Answer 3

Economic system in which individuals decide what and how much to produce and sell

This system relies on supply and demand to determine prices and production.

Question 4

What was the significance of Marbury vs. Madison?

Answer 4

Supreme Court ruled it had the power to decide whether laws passed by Congress were Constitutional

This case established the principle of judicial review.

Question 5

What is ‘Judicial review’?

Answer 5

Power of the Supreme Court to decide whether acts of a President or laws passed by Congress are Constitutional

This power allows the judiciary to invalidate laws that contravene the Constitution.

Question 6

What was the Pinckney Treaty?

Answer 6

A 1795 agreement with Spain allowing Americans to ship goods down the Mississippi River and store them in New Orleans

This treaty was crucial for trade and economic expansion in the early United States.

Question 7

What does ‘Expedition’ refer to?

Answer 7

Long voyage of exploration

Expeditions were often undertaken for scientific, geographic, or economic purposes.

Question 8

Who were Lewis and Clark?

Answer 8

50 men known as the ‘Corps of Discovery’ hired by Congress to explore the Louisiana Territory

Their expedition provided valuable information about the geography and inhabitants of the area.

Question 9

Who was Sacagawea?

Answer 9

Shoshone woman who provided invaluable help to the Lewis and Clark expedition

Her knowledge of the land and local peoples was crucial for the success of the expedition.

Question 10

What areas did Zebulon Pike explore?

Answer 10

Upper Mississippi, Arkansas River, parts of present-day Colorado and New Mexico

Pike’s explorations contributed to the understanding of the American West.

Question 11

What is a ‘Continental divide’?

Answer 11

Mountain ridge that separates river systems flowing toward opposite sides of a continent

This geographical feature is significant for understanding watersheds.

Question 12

What were the Barbary States?

Answer 12

Collection of North African States supporting piracy to obtain tribute from weaker Atlantic powers

Key states included Morocco, Algiers, Tunis, and Tripoli.

Question 13

What does ‘Tribute’ mean?

Answer 13

Bribe

In historical contexts, tributes were often paid to avoid conflict or secure favor.

Question 14

Define ‘Impressment’.

Answer 14

Practice of forcing people into military service

This was a significant issue leading up to the War of 1812.

Question 15

What is an ‘Embargo’?

Answer 15

Ban on trade

Embargoes are often used as a tool of foreign policy.

Question 16

What was the Embargo Act?

Answer 16

An 1807 law that imposed a total ban on foreign trade

This law aimed to pressure Britain and France but ultimately harmed American merchants.

Question 17

What did the Nonintercourse Act do?

Answer 17

Allowed Americans to trade with all nations except Britain and France

This act was a response to the failure of the Embargo Act.

Question 18

What was the Treaty of Greenville?

Answer 18

Signed by some Native Americans in 1795, ceding land that became part of Ohio in exchange for $20,000

This treaty aimed to secure peace between settlers and Native Americans.

Question 19

Define ‘Confederation’.

Answer 19

League of independent states or nations

Confederations often arise for mutual defense or economic purposes.

Question 20

What was the Battle of Tippecanoe?

Answer 20

1811 battle over white settlement in the Indiana territory

This battle was a significant conflict between Native Americans and settlers.

Question 21

Who were the War Hawks?

Answer 21

Members of Congress from the South and West who called for war with Britain prior to the War of 1812

They advocated for military action to defend American interests.

Question 22

What does ‘Doves’ refer to in Congress?

Answer 22

Members from the North and East who preferred not to declare war with Britain

This group often sought diplomatic solutions instead of military action.

Question 23

Define ‘Nationalism’.

Answer 23

Devotion to one’s country

Nationalism can influence political and social movements.

Question 24

Who was Tecumseh?

Answer 24

Shawnee leader who opposed white settlers taking more Indian land

Tecumseh sought to unite Native American tribes against encroachment.

Question 25

Who was Henry Clay?

Answer 25

Outspoken War Hawk who wanted to punish Britain and conquer Canada ## Footnote Clay was a prominent political figure advocating for war.

Question 26

What was the Battle of Lake Erie?

Answer 26

American victory led by Oliver Perry against the British during the War of 1812 ## Footnote This battle was pivotal in gaining control of the Great Lakes.

Question 27

Who wrote the Star Spangled Banner?

Answer 27

Francis Scott Key ## Footnote He wrote the anthem while observing the British assault on Fort Baltimore.

Question 28

What happened at the Battle of New Orleans?

Answer 28

A battle between British and American forces that ended in an American victory ## Footnote This battle occurred near the conclusion of the War of 1812.

Question 29

What was the Treaty of Ghent?

Answer 29

Peace treaty signed by Britain and the United States at the end of the War of 1812 ## Footnote This treaty effectively ended the conflict.

Question 30

What is the 'Star Spangled Banner'?

Answer 30

National anthem written during the battle of Baltimore ## Footnote It reflects the resilience of Americans during the War of 1812.

Question 31

Who was Andrew Jackson?

Answer 31

Tennessee officer who commanded American troops in the Creek War and was a hero of the Battle of New Orleans ## Footnote Jackson later became the seventh president of the United States.

Question 32

What important precedent did John Marshall set in the case of Marbury v. Madison?

Answer 32

Established the power of the court to determine if laws passed by Congress are Constitutional ## Footnote This case was foundational for the principle of judicial review.

Question 33

How did Jefferson’s actions as president reflect his democratic beliefs?

Answer 33

He allowed federalists to keep their government jobs despite disagreements ## Footnote This approach demonstrated a commitment to inclusivity.

Question 34

Why did Jefferson’s beliefs worry Federalists?

Answer 34

He supported the French Revolution, leading to fears of revolutionary change in the U.S. ## Footnote Federalists were concerned about maintaining order and stability.

Question 35

What was the time period called between a newly elected president and their inauguration?

Answer 35

Lame Duck ## Footnote This term reflects the limited power of outgoing officials.

Question 36

Why did the French offer to sell the Louisiana Territory to the U.S.?

Answer 36

Napoleon needed money for wars in Europe after losing Haiti ## Footnote This sale significantly expanded U.S. territory.

Question 37

Why did Britain and France begin to seize American ships after 1803?

Answer 37

Each country did not want the U.S. to sell supplies to the other ## Footnote This led to increased tensions and contributed to the War of 1812.

Question 38

What was the goal of the Embargo Act, and why did it fail?

Answer 38

To hurt Britain and France by cutting off needed supplies; it hurt American merchants ## Footnote The act was unpopular and economically damaging.

Question 39

Why did war break out between Indians and white settlers in Ohio?

Answer 39

Whites were settling on Indian lands, breaking treaties, and hunting animals needed by Indians for food ## Footnote This conflict highlights the tensions between settlers and Native Americans.

Question 40

Give 3 reasons why the War Hawks wanted Congress to declare war on Britain.

Answer 40

* Bring safety to Americans along the frontier * Stop British seizing American ships * Expand national borders into Canada and Florida ## Footnote These motivations reflect the broader nationalistic sentiments of the era.

Question 41

What military problems did the United States face at the start of the War?

Answer 41

* Navy had few ships * Army was poorly equipped and trained * The British were blockading American ports ## Footnote These challenges were significant obstacles in the War of 1812.

Question 42

How did the death of Tecumseh affect the war in the West?

Answer 42

The Indian confederation fell apart ## Footnote Tecumseh's leadership was crucial for Native American resistance.

Question 43

How did Andrew Jackson achieve victory in the Battle of New Orleans?

Answer 43

Jackson’s troops fought from the trenches, making it easy to fire on approaching British soldiers ## Footnote This tactical advantage was key to the American victory.