Chapter 10 - Violent Crime

Question 1

Overview

Intrumental Violence

Answer 1

Violence committed for an expressive purpose or to achieve a goal (planning)

Question 2

Expressive Or Reactive Violence

Answer 2

• Violence as an emotional response (passion)

Example: Provocation

Question 3

Root Causes of Violent Crime

Personal Traits
(Factor)

Answer 3

• Neurological impairment (correlated with impulsive violence)
• Psychotic symptoms (A delusion)
• Psychopathy, Antisocial Personality

Question 4

Root Causes of Violent Crime

Ineffective Families
(Factor)

Answer 4

• Abuse-Violence Relationship

Question 5

Root Causes of Violent Crime

Evolutionary Factors/ Human Instinct

Answer 5

• Freud: Eros (the idea of love), Thanotas (death)

Example: Hydraulic Model (the idea that because we have a drive towards death, we are ingerently all violent and it builds up like a hydraulic model)

Question 6

Root Causes of Violent Crime

Cultural Values
(Factor)

Answer 6

Violent Subcultures

Question 7

Root Causes of Violent Crime

Regional Values

Answer 7

• Honor Culture

Examples
* Southern United States
* Appalachian Mountains
* The Violent South: Culture of Honor, Social Disorganization, and Murder in Appalachia

Question 8

Root Causes of Violent Crime

Substance Abuse
(Factor)

Answer 8

Psychopharmacological effect (the effect drugs have on your central nervous system)

Question 9

Root Causes of Violent Crime

Firearm Availability

Answer 9

Facilitating Factor

Example: Firearm’s registry

Question 10

Regional Values

Answer 10

Inter-regional differences in homicide rates

Question 11

Sexual Violence

Sexual Violence

Answer 11

• a threatened, attempted, or actual sexual act against another person without their consent
• Gendered Violence

Question 12

Sexual Violence

Prevalence Rates
(Characteristic)

Answer 12

• Canada 5 per 1000 (Men): 37 per 1000 (Women)
• Similar prevalence rates for the United States and England

Question 13

Sexual Violence

Characteristics of Sex Offenders

Answer 13

• Most sex offenders are male (approx. 90%)
• Alcohol and/or Drugs

Question 14

Sexual Violence

Victims of Sexual Violence
(Characteristic)

Answer 14

• Women (approx. 85%)
• Victim usually knows the perpetrator

Question 15

Male Socialization
(Cause)

Answer 15

• Rape Myths: the idea that some people or learn that if some people say no, they are playing hard to get
• Cognitive Schemas: (another term for rape myths) in your brain you have developed blueprints, norms, overtime you organize information

Question 16

Sexual Violence

Social Learning
(Cause)

Answer 16

• Violent media and desensitization
• Horror film violence

Example: The Final Girl

Question 17

Sexual Violence

Sexual Motivation

Answer 17

Paraphilia (Mental Disorder)

Question 18

Sexual Violence and the law

Marital Exemption

Answer 18

• Prohibition of prosecuting husbands for sexual assault of their spouse

Question 19

Sexual Violence and The Law

Corroboration

Answer 19

• The backing up of a claim of sexual assault by a third party
• No longer required (1983)

Question 20

Sexual Violence and The Law

Consent

Answer 20

• Not required for any other crime
• Cross-Examination

Question 21

Sexual Violence and The Law

Shield Laws

Answer 21

• Legislation designed to protect sexual assault victims by prohibiting a defence attorney from inquiring about prior sexual relationships

Question 22

Homicide

First-Degree

Answer 22

Planned and deliberate

Example: a parents life insurance policy

Question 23

Homicide

Second-Degree

Answer 23

Heat of the moment

Example: finding your partner cheating, leads to a fight and results in a death

Question 24

Manslaughter

Answer 24

• A homicide committed without intention to cause death, but intent to cause harm
• Different fro second-degree because the person who initiated the fight did not have the intent to kill

Question 25

# Patterns of Homicid Homicide in Canada

Answer 25

* Highest rates in territories and western provinces * Lowest rates in Atlantic provinces ## Footnote Metropolitan - Thunder Bay

Question 26

# Patterns of Homicide Homicide Victims

Answer 26

* Males over 18 years of age * 4 out of 5 knew the perpetrator * 34% acquaintance, 33% family member, 19% stranger

Question 27

# Patterns of Homicide Method of Killing

Answer 27

* Shooting * Stabbing * Beating

Question 28

# Multiple Murder Mass Murder

Answer 28

* An incident of multiple murder wherein three or more victims are murdered in a single geographic location with no cooling-off period existing between the killings

Question 29

# Multiple Murder Spree Murder

Answer 29

* The murder of three or more victims without a substantial cooling-off period between murders, usually occurring at two or three different geographic locations

Question 30

# Multiple Murder Serial Murder

Answer 30

* The murder of a minimum of three or more victims over time with a substantial cooling-off period existing between murders

Question 31

The Organized Killer

Answer 31

* an offender who commits crime out of a need for power ## Footnote Characteristics * Psychopathy * Planning and premeditation * Maintenance of control of self and victim

Question 32

The Disorganized Killer

Answer 32

* an offender whose crimes are generallu unplanned, spotaneious attacks that reflect a sudden outburst of anger at the victims ## Footnote Charateristics * No premeditation or planning * Extra injuries * Use of weapons found at the crime scene * Little to no alteration of crime scene

Question 33

Criminal Harrasment | S. 264

Answer 33

* Repeatedly follow another person from place to place * Repeatedly communicate with, directly or indirectly, the other person * Beset or watch a place where the other person is living or working * Engage in threatening conduct directed at the other person or family members

Question 34

# Patterns of Stalking Victims

Answer 34

* Women * Most victims are stalked by an ex-partner

Question 35

# Patterns of Stalking Offenders

Answer 35

* Older Males * Difficulties with education and employment * Mental Health Problems

Question 36

# Typology of Stalkers The Simple Obsessional Stalker

Answer 36

* Cases wherin the victim or stalker have some prior knowledge of one another ## Footnote Characteristics * Generally immature * Socially incompetent and unable to maintain relationships * Jealous, insecure, or paranoid * Feel helpless and powerless, and have very low self-esteem

Question 37

# Typology of Stalkers The Love Obsessional Stalker

Answer 37

* Stalking characterized by the absence of an existing relationship between the perpetrator and victim ## Footnote Chacateristics * Mental illness * These stalkers fantasize about the victim being a romantic partner, and when that fantasy clashes with reality, the stalker often tried harder and harder to get noticed

Question 38

# Typology of Stalker The Erotomaniac Stalker

Answer 38

* Stalking characterized by the absence of a prior relationship with victim, but where the stalker believes a relationship does exist ## Footnote Characteristics: Ertomania * A delusion where the individual believes that another individual, usually of higher status, is in love with them