Chapter 10 Vocab Cards

Question 1

virulent

Answer 1

disease-causing

Question 2

transformation

Answer 2

transfer of genetic material from one cell to another cell or from one organism to another organism

Question 3

bacteriophage

Answer 3

viruses that infect bacteria

Question 4

nucleotide

Answer 4

consists of three parts: five-carbon sugar, a phosphate group, and a nitrogenous base

Question 5

deoxyribose

Answer 5

five-carbon sugar in a DNA molecule

Question 6

nitrogenous base

Answer 6

contains nitrogen and carbon atoms

Question 7

purine

Answer 7

nitrogenous bases that have a double ring of carbon; adenine and guanine

Question 8

pyrimidine

Answer 8

nitrogenous bases that have a single ring of carbon; cytosine and thymine

Question 9

base-pairing rules

Answer 9

cytosine pairs with guanine and adenine with thymine

Question 10

base sequence

Answer 10

the order of nitrogenous bases on a chain of DNA

Question 11

DNA replication

Answer 11

the process by which DNA is copied in a cell before a cell divides by mitosis, meiosis, binary fission

Question 12

helicase

Answer 12

enzymes that separate DNA strands

Question 13

replication fork

Answer 13

y-shaped region that results when the two strands separate

Question 14

DNA polymerase

Answer 14

enzymes that add complementary nucleotides

Question 15

semi-conservative

Answer 15

each of the new DNA molecules has conserves one of the semi original DNA strands

Question 16

mutaion

Answer 16

a change in the nucleotide sequence

Question 17

ribonucleic acid (RNA)

Answer 17

a nucleic acid

Question 18

transcription

Answer 18

DNA acts as a template for the synthesis of RNA

Question 19

translation

Answer 19

RNA directs the assembly of proteins

Question 20

protein synthesis

Answer 20

forming proteins based on information in DNA and carried out by RNA

Question 21

ribose

Answer 21

the sugar in RNA

Question 22

messenger RNA (mRNA)

Answer 22

carries the instructions from a gene to make a protein

Question 23

ribosomal RNA (RRNA)

Answer 23

part of the structure of ribosomes

Question 24

transfer RNA (tRNA)

Answer 24

transfers amino acids to the ribosome to make a protein

Question 25

RNA polymerase

Answer 25

enzyme that catalyzes the formation of RNA on a DNA template; binds to a promoter

Question 26

promoter

Answer 26

specific nucleotide sequence of DNA where RNA polymerase binds and initiates transcription

Question 27

termination signal

Answer 27

a specific sequence of nucleotides that marks the end of a gene

Question 28

genetic code

Answer 28

the rules that relate how a sequence of nitrogenous bases in nucleotides corresponds to a particular amino acid

Question 29

codon

Answer 29

each three-nucleotide sequence in mRNA that encodes an amino acid or signifies a start or stop signal

Question 30

anticodon

Answer 30

three nucleotides on the RNA that are complementary to the sequence of a codon in mRNA

Question 31

genome

Answer 31

the complete genetic content