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Allied Health 23-24 > Chapter 10: Words NOT Built From Word Parts > Flashcards

Chapter 10: Words NOT Built From Word Parts Flashcards

The terms listed in this deck of cards are "Terms NOT Built From Word Parts" that originate in the cardiovascular system, lymphatic system, immune system, and blood., (127 cards)

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1
Q

acute coronary syndrome

A

Sudden symptoms of insufficient blood supply to the heart indicating unstable angina or acute myocardial infarction.

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2
Q

aneurysm

A

ballooning of a weakened portion of an arterial wall.

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3
Q

angina pectoris

A

Chest pain, which may radiate to the left arm and jaw, that occurs when there is an insufficient supply of blood to the heart muscle.

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4
Q

arrhythmia

A

any disturbance or abnormality in the heart’s normal rhythmic pattern

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5
Q

cardiac arrest

A

Sudden cessation of cardiac output and effective circulation, which requires cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR)

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6
Q

cardiac tamponade

A

Acute compression of the heart caused by fluid accumulation in the pericardial cavity

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7
Q

coronary artery disease

A

Condition that reduces the flow of blood through the coronary arteries to the myocardium and may progress to depriving the heart tissue of sufficient oxygen and nutrients to function normally.

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8
Q

What’s the a common cause of heart failure and myocardial infarction?

A

coronary artery disease

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9
Q

cor pulmonale

A

enlargement of the heart’s right ventricle due to pulmonary disease

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10
Q

deep vein thrombosis

A

Condition of thrombus (blood clot) in a deep vein of the body, usually occurs in the lower extremities.

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11
Q

fibrillation

A

Rapid, quivering, uncoordinated contractions of the atria or ventricles causing cardiac arrhythmia.

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11
Q

atrial fibrillation (AFib)

A

the atria quivers instead of contracting, causing an irregular ventricular response.

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12
Q

What are the 2 types of Atrial Fibrillation?

A

Paroxysmal Atrial Fibrillation (PAF), which is intermittent, and Chronic Atrial Fibrillation, which is sustained.

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13
Q

ventricular fibrillation (VF)

A

the heart doesn’t contract and blood flow stops, causing a medical emergency that may result in sudden death.

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14
Q

heart failure

A

Condition in which there is an inability of the heart to pump enough blood through the body to supply the tissues and organs with nutrients and oxygen

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15
Q

hypertensive heart disease

A

Disorder of the heart caused by persistent high blood pressure. May be associated with hypertrophy or dilation of the chambers of the heart (due to thinning and stretching of the heart muscle).

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15
Q

intermittent claudication

A

Condition of pain, tension, and weakness in a limb that starts when you begin walking, it increases until walking is no longer possible, and then completely resolves when the patient is at rest. Caused by reversible muscle ischemia that occurs with peripheral artery disease.

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16
Q

Mitral Valve Stenosis

A

Narrowing of the mitral valve from scarring, usually caused by an episode of rheumatic fever.

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17
Q

myocardial infarction

A

Death of a portion of the myocardium caused by lack of oxygen resulting from an interrupted blood supply.

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17
Q

peripheral artery disease

A

Disease of the arteries in the arms and legs, resulting in narrowing or complete obstruction of the artery.

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18
Q

Symptoms Raynaud (RA-NO) Phenomenon Include:

A

intermittent, symmetric attacks of cyanosis and pallor of the distal ends of the fingers and toes often caused by exposure to cold temperatures.

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19
Q

rheumatic heart disease

A

Damage to the heart muscle or heart valves caused by one or more episodes of rheumatic fever.

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20
Q

rheumatic fever

A

an inflammatory disease, usually occurring in children and young adults after an upper respiratory tract streptococcal infection.

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21
Q

varicose veins

A

Distended or tortuous veins are usually found in the lower extremities. Usually occur in the superficial veins of the legs.

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22
Causes of Varicose Veins are ...
heredity, obesity, pregnancy, illness, or injury
23
Treatments for Varicose Veins include:
laser ablation, ambulatory phlebectomy, and sclerotherapy.
24
artificial cardiac pacemaker
Battery-powered apparatus implanted under the skin with leads placed on the heart or in the chamber of the heart. Used to treat an abnormal heart rhythm, usually one that is too slow, secondary to an abnormal sinus node.
25
sinus node of the heart
Consists of specialized fibers that are responsible for initiating nerve impulses that tell the heart muscles when to contract.
26
automatic implantable cardiac defibrillator
Device implanted in the body that continuously monitors the heart rhythm.
27
catheter ablation
Procedure in which abnormal cells that trigger abnormal heart rhythms (arrhythmias) are destroyed by using a device that heats or freezes the cells.
28
coronary artery bypass graft
Surgical technique to bring a new blood supply to the heart muscle by detouring around blocked arteries
29
coronary stent
Supportive scaffold device is placed in the coronary artery. Used to prevent closure of the artery after angioplasty or atherectomy; used to treat an artery occluded by plaque.
30
femoropopliteal bypass
Surgery to establish an alternate route from the femoral artery to the popliteal artery to bypass an obstruction
31
percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty
Procedure in which a balloon is advanced into a coronary artery to the area where plaque has formed.
32
thrombolytic therapy
Injection of a medication either intravenously or intra-arterially to dissolve blood clots. It's often used in emergency departments for acute myocardial infarction.
33
digital subtraction angiography
Process of digital radiographic imaging of the blood vessels that "subtracts" or removes structures not being studied
34
doppler ultrasound
Study that uses high-frequency sound waves for detection of blood flow within the vessels. Used to assess intermittent claudication, deep vein thrombosis, and other blood flow abnormalities.
35
sestamibi test
Nuclear medicine test used to diagnose coronary artery disease and assess revascularization after coronary artery bypass surgery.
36
single-photon emission computed tomography
Nuclear medicine test that collects a series of images as a Gamma camera rotates around the patient.
37
transesophageal echocardiogram
Ultrasound test that examines cardiac function and structure by using an ultrasound probe placed in the esophagus, which provides more direct views of the heart structures
38
catheter catheterization
Diagnostic procedure performed by passing a catheter into the heart from a blood vessel in the groin or arm to examine the condition of the heart and surrounding blood vessels.
39
exercise stress test
Study that evaluates cardiac function during physical stress by riding a bike or walking on a treadmill.
40
chemical stress testing
the use of drugs to stimulate the stress of physical exercise on the body.
41
blood pressure
Pressure exerted by the blood against the blood vessel walls.
42
systole
the cardiac-cycle phase in which the ventricles contract and eject blood
43
diastole
the phase in which the ventricles relax and fill with blood between contractions.
44
pulse
Contraction of the heart, which can be felt with a fingertip.
45
Sphygmomanometer
Device used for measuring blood pressure
46
C-reactive protein
Blood test to measure the amount of C-reactive protein in the blood, which when elevated, indicates inflammation in the blood.
47
creatine phosphokinase
Blood test used to measure the level of creatine phosphokinase, an enzyme of heart and skeletal muscle released into the blood after muscle injury or necrosis.
48
lipid profile
Blood test used to measure the amount and type of lipids (fat-like substances) in a sample of blood.
49
biomarker
a naturally occurring substance of certain body cells that can be measured in the blood and used to aid in the diagnosis of various disorders.
49
troponin
Blood test that measures troponin, a heart muscle enzyme.
50
bruit
Sound heard over an artery during auscultation resulting from vibration in the vessel wall caused by turbulent blood flow.
51
hypercholesterolemia
Excessive amount of cholesterol in the blood.
52
hyperlipidemia
Excessive amount of any type of fats (lipoproteins, triglycerides, and cholesterol) in the blood.
53
hypertension
Blood pressure that is above normal (greater than 130/80 mm Hg in adults under the age of 60)
54
hypertriglyceridemia
Excessive amount of triglycerides in the blood.
55
hypotension
Blood pressure that is below normal (less than 90/60 mm Hg in adults under the age of 60)
56
murmur
Unusual sound heard during auscultation of the heart caused by turbulent blood flow.
57
occlusion
Closing or blockage of a blood vessel or hollow organ
58
cardiopulmonary resuscitation
Emergency procedure consisting of external cardiac compressions.
59
defibrillation
Application of an electric shock to the myocardium through the chest wall to restore normal cardiac rhythm
60
vasoconstrictor
Agent that narrows the diameter of the blood vessels
61
vasodilator
Agent that expands the diameter of the blood vessels
62
cholesterol
A compound important in the production of sex hormones, steroids, cell membranes, and bile acids.
63
high-density lipoprotein
A type of lipoprotein that removes cholesterol from the tissues and transports it to the liver to be excreted in the bile.
64
triglycerides
a form of fat in the blood
64
low-density lipoprotein
A type of lipoprotein that transports cholesterol to the tissue and deposits it on the walls of the arteries.
65
total cholesterol
A measurement of the cholesterol components LDL, HDL, and VLDL (triglyceride carriers) in the blood
65
anemia
Condition in which there is a reduction in the number of erythrocytes.
66
very-low-density lipoprotein
A type of lipoprotein that transports most of the triglycerides in the blood.
67
bleeding disorder
Disease in which there is an inability to form proper blood clots.
67
hemophilia
Inherited bleeding disorder, most commonly caused by a deficiency of the coagulation factor VIII.
68
leukemia
Malignant disease characterized by excessive increase in abnormal leukocytes formed in the bone marrow.
68
sickle cell disease
Group of inherited red blood cell disorders (anemias) where hemoglobin is abnormally shaped and has a shorter life cycle.
68
sepsis
Systemic inflammatory response caused by pathogenic microorganisms, usually bacteria, entering the bloodstream and multiplying.
69
thalassemia
Inherited bleeding disorder causing reduced production of healthy blood cells and hemoglobin.
70
bone marrow biopsy
Procedure to obtain a sample of the solid portion of bone marrow, usually from the ilium (upper hip bone) for study.
70
bone marrow aspiration
Procedure to obtain a sample of the liquid portion of bone marrow, usually from the ilium (upper hip bone) for study.
70
bleeding profile
Series of tests that measure the ability of various factors in the blood to form a clot.
71
bone marrow
is contained within spongy bone, which is located primarily at the ends of long bones and in the center of other bones.
71
activated partial thromboplastin time
Blood test that measures the ability of the blood to clot by assessing intrinsic blood factors.
72
blood coagulation
the process that causes blood to clot and helps prevent excessive blood loss through a cut, puncture or other trauma to blood vessels.
72
complete blood count with differential
Laboratory test for basic blood screening that measures various aspects of erythrocytes, leukocytes, and thrombocytes (platelets).
72
hematocrit
Percentage of a blood sample that is composed of erythrocytes.
73
hemoglobin
Blood test that measures the amount of hemoglobin in the blood.
73
prothrombin time
Blood test that measures the ability of the blood to clot by assessing extrinsic blood factors.
73
bone marrow transplant
Infusion of healthy bone marrow cells from a matched donor into a patient with severely diseased or damaged bone marrow. The donor cells may establish a colony of new, healthy tissue in the recipient's bone marrow.
73
infusion
the introduction of fluid into the bloodstream through a vein.
73
phlebotomist
Person who performs venipuncture for the purpose of drawing blood or injecting IV fluids
74
peripheral blood stem cell transplant
Infusion of blood-forming cells (stem cells) to replace blood cells damaged by disease or treatments.
74
anticoagulant
Agent that slows the blood clotting process
74
perfusionist
Person who operates the heart-lung machine during surgeries where the patient's blood must be oxygenated outside of the body.
74
blood dyscrasia
Any abnormal or pathologic condition of the blood
75
extravasation
Escape of blood or other fluid from a vessel into the tissue
75
venipuncture
Procedure used to puncture a vein with a needle to remove blood, install a medication, or start an intravenous infusion
76
Hemolytic anemia
anemia due to increased destruction of red blood cells
76
Anemia Due To Blood Loss
acute blood loss anemia as a result of hemorrhage
77
Types of Anemia Due to Decreased Production of Red Blood Cells
iron deficiency anemia, pernicious anemia, aplastic anemia
78
Iron Deficiency Anemia
not enough iron in the body to produce hemoglobin
78
Aplastic Anemia
resulting from bone marrow failure
78
acute leukemia
Develops quickly with rapid progression of the disease. Both adults and children may develop acute leukemia.
79
chronic leukemia
Develops slowly with gradual disease progression and most often occurs in adults
79
Pernicious Anemia
ineffective production of red blood cells due to vitamin B12 deficiency
79
allergy
Hypersensitivity to a substance, resulting in an inflammatory immune response
79
myelogenous leukemia
Affects the myeloid cells, which form red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets.
80
lymphocytic leukemia
Affects the lymphoid cells, which form lymph tissue
80
acquired immunodeficiency syndrome
Advanced, chronic immune system suppression caused by human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection.
80
lymphedema
Swelling of tissue, usually of one arm or leg, caused by faulty lymphatic drainage
80
anaphylactic shock
When it leads to a drop in blood pressure and blockage of the airway.
81
anaphylaxis
Exaggerated reaction to a previously encountered antigen such as bee venom, peanuts, or latex.
81
immunodeficiency
Disorder caused by an inability to produce an adequate immune response due to a lack of functioning antibodies, lymphocytes, or both.
81
autoimmune disease
Disease caused by the body's inability to distinguish its own cells from foreign bodies.
82
opportunistic infections
Illnesses caused by microorganisms that are not usually pathogenic but result in disease because of a weakened immune system.
82
sarcoidosis
Disease in which clumps of inflammatory cells form in one or more organs of the body, frequently the lungs, and lymph nodes.
82
erythrocyte sedimentation rate
Blood test that determines the amount of time it takes for red blood cells to settle at the bottom of a tube of blood.
82
allergist
Physician who studies and treats allergic conditions
82
allergen
Environmental substance capable of producing a hypersensitivity reaction (allergy) in the body.
83
hypersensitivity
refers to a condition in which the body "overreacts" to something which it perceives to be a foreign substance.
83
antibody
Protective protein produced by the immune system in response to the presence of a foreign substance.
83
antigen
Substance that triggers an immune response when introduced into the body.
83
immunity
Being resistant to specific invading pathogens
83
inherited immunity
develops before birth and is also called inborn immunity
84
immunosuppression
State in which in the body's ability to fight infections or disease is reduced
84
vaccine
Suspension of weakened or killed microorganisms administered by injection, mouth, or nasal spray, which induces immunity to prevent an infectious disease
84
acquired immunity
develops after birth naturally, when antigen exposure isn't deliberate, or artificially, when antigen exposure is deliberate.

Allied Health 23-24 (1 decks)

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