Chapter 10.1

Question 1

Self concept

Answer 1

set of attributes, abilities, attitudes and values that a child believes defines themselves

Question 2

Factors that influence self-concept?

Answer 2

secure attachment
elaborate parent-child conversations about personally experienced events

Question 3

Emerging understanding of personality

Answer 3

NOT DIRECTLY

Question 4

Irish American parents ____ children’s misbehaviors, attributing them to personality

Answer 4

downplayed

Question 5

Self-esteem

Answer 5

judgments we make about our own worth; feelings associated with those judgments

Fragmented self-appraisals

Parental influence is a key contributor to self-esteem

Question 6

Emotional Competence

Answer 6

Emotional Understanding, Emotional Self-Regulation, Self-Conscious Emotions and Empathy

Question 7

EMOTION: Children ages 4-5 label

Answer 7

happy, sad, angry afraid and surprised, and judge their causes accurately

Able to infer how others are feeling based on their behavior

Question 8

Emotion understanding is associated with _____

Answer 8

positive peer interactions; sharing, helping, conflict resolution, perspective taking

Question 9

Emotional Self Regulation

Answer 9

Ability to manage the experiences and expression of emotion

By age 3 to 4, kids are use a variety of self regulatory strategies

Restrict sensory input
Talk to themselves
Change their goals
Repair a relationship

Question 10

Preschoolers’ abilities to regulate their emotions

Answer 10

predicts academic and social competence

Question 11

Highly reactive kids have difficulty with

Answer 11

emotional self-regulation

Question 12

Self-Conscious Emotions

Answer 12

Linked to self evaluation
Parental focus on child worth vs how to improve performance

Question 13

Empathy

Answer 13

Motivates prosocial behavior

Leads to sympathy or personal distress, depending on temperament and parental repsonsiveness

Question 14

Nonsocial activity

Answer 14

unoccupied, onlooker behavior and solitary play

Question 15

Parallel play

Answer 15

children play near each other but not together

Question 16

Associative play: separate activities but exchange toys and communicate

Question 17

Cooperative play

Answer 17

oriented toward a common goal

Question 18

Friendships and School Readiness

Answer 18

Kids 4 to 7 yrs think of friendship as fun play and sharing toys

DOES NOT HAVE A LONG TERM

ENDURING QUALITY BASED ON MUTUAL TRUST

Question 19

Interactions between preschool friends are positive

Answer 19

in communication and play

Question 20

The ability to make friends is predictive

Answer 20

of better adjustment and academic success

Question 21

Social Problem Solving

Answer 21

Generating and applying strategies that prevent or resolve disagreements

affects peer relations

Promoting Alternative Thinking (PATHS) curriculum intervention

Question 22

Information-processing approach

Answer 22

is most influential

Question 23

PATHS

Answer 23

Promoting Alternative Thinking Curriculum Intervention

Question 24

PATHS: Teachers use

Answer 24

stories
puppet characters
discussion
role-play demonstration

Question 25

Direct Parental Influence on Early Peer Relations

Answer 25

Arranging peer play activities, guidance on how to treat other

Question 26

Indirect

Answer 26

secure parent-child attachment warm collaborative parent-child play

Question 27

Child-rearing styles

Answer 27

combinations of parenting behaviors that occur over a wide range of situations, creating an enduring child-rearing climate

Question 28

Three features consistently differentiate an effective style from less effective ones

Answer 28

Acceptance and involvement Control Autonomy granting

Question 29

Baumrind's Styles of Child Rearing

Answer 29

Authoritative Authoritarian Permissive Uninvolved

Question 30

Authoritative:

Answer 30

High Acceptance, High Involvement Adaptive control Appropriate autonomy

Question 31

Authoritative: Child benefits:

Answer 31

Self-control Task persistence Positive self-esteem Cooperativeness Social maturity School performance Improved mood

Question 32

Authoritarian: Low Acceptance, High Control

Answer 32

Low involvement, Low autonomy

Question 33

Authoritarian child outcomes:

Answer 33

High stress reactivity Hostile when frustrated Low self-esteem Anxious Withdrawal Defiance Aggression Poor school performance

Question 34

Permissive: High Acceptance, Low Control

Answer 34

Low involvement, High Autonomy

Question 35

Permissive child outcomes:

Answer 35

Impulsive Disobedient Rebellious Overly demanding and dependent on adults Poorer school performance Less task persistence

Question 36

Uninvolved: Low Acceptance, Low involvement

Answer 36

Low control, indifferent autonomy

Question 37

Uninvolved Child outcomes

Answer 37

Poor emotion regulation Poor school achievement Depression Antisocial behavior

Question 38

Physical abuse

Answer 38

Physical assaults that inflict physical injury

Question 39

Sexual abuse

Answer 39

Forcing sexual acts or exploitation onto a minor

Question 40

Emotional abuse

Answer 40

Acts that could cause serious emotional harm, including social isolation, repeated unreasonable demands, ridicule, humiliation, intimidation, or terrorizing

Question 41

Neglect

Answer 41

Failure to meet a child’s basic needs for food, clothing, medical attention, education, or supervision. Most common type of maltreatment

Question 42

Origins of Childhood Maltreatment

Answer 42

Family factors, maltreatment, laws and community

Question 44

Consequences of Childhood Maltreatment

Answer 44

Psychological disorders: Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder, Anxiety, Depression, etc. Poorer school performance Poorer social skills Atypical brain functioning and structural development Physiological stress response disruption