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Intro. Biology II Lecture > Chapter 11 > Flashcards

Chapter 11 Flashcards

1
Q

Simple squamous epithelial cells

Describe their appearance.

Describe their function.

Where are they found?

*

A

A single layer of flattened cells.

They allow for the diffusion of small molecules like oxygen.

These cells are found lining the alveoli of the lungs and the capillaries.

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2
Q

List and describe the 4 accessory skin organs

*

A

Nails - protect digits

Hair Follicles - located in dermis, give rise to keratinized epidermal cells that form hair.

Sweat Glands - release sweat onto skin to modify body temperature.

Oil Glands - release lubricating oil, sebum, most active during puberty.

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3
Q

Describe the structure and function of adipose tissue.

*

A

A type of connective tissue consisting of fibroblasts with large fat vacuoles called adipocytes.

Adipose tissue plays a role in insulation, protection, and food storage.

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4
Q

Axon

*

A

The part of a neuron that transmits the electrical signal away from the cell body.

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5
Q

Describe the composition of Blood

*

A

A type of connective tissue with a liquid rather than cellular matrix that consist of a liquid portion (plasma) and a cellular portion.

red blood cells (erythrocytes) white blood cells (leucocytes) and plateles (thrombocyte)

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6
Q

Describe homeostasis

*

A

The maintenance of internal consistency by either negative or positive feeback mechanisms.

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7
Q

Describe the structure of fibrocartilge and where it is found.

*

A

Cartliage with a strong matrix of collagenous fibers.

This is the kind of cartilage found between the vertebrae of the backbone.

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8
Q

Fibroblasts

*

A

Cells associated with connective tissue that secrete the fibers and matrix associated with connective tissue.

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9
Q

Which muscle is

    involuntary

   has straited branched cells

  and bound by intercalated  discs
A

Cardiac muscle

(only found in walls of heart)

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10
Q

Which tissue cosists of consentric rings called osteons?

*

A

Compact Bone

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11
Q

What tissue is found at the ends of long bones?

*

A

Spongy Bone

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12
Q

Which tissue consists of clacium salts built around protien fibers.

*

A

Bone

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13
Q

What are the three types of cartilage, and their characteristics?

*

A

Hyaline Cartilage

(most common, found in nose and end of bones)

Elastic Cartilage

(elastic fibers,found in ears and sternum)

Fibrocartilage

(collagen fibers,found in vertabrea and knee joints)

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14
Q

Describe the parts and function of Integumentary System

*

A

The organ system that protects the body from damage, comprising the skin and its appendages (including hair, scales, feathers, and nails).

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15
Q

Describe Loose Fibrous Connective Tissue

*

A

Connective tissue comprised mostly of elastic fibers that surrounds organs the expand and contact.

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16
Q

What is the function and location of the meninges?

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A

The membranes that protect the brain and spinal cord.

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17
Q

Describe the Mucus Membranes

*

A

The membranes that protect the internal linings of the body and the eyes.

They contain mucus producing goblet cells.

18
Q

What is the general function of muscle tissue?

What are the three types of muscule tissue?

*

A

The tissues that move all or part of the body.

The three forms of muscle tissue are

striated skeletal

smooth muscle

cardiac muscle.

19
Q

Negative Feedback

*

A

The output of the system dampens the original stimulus.

When the body reacts to reverse the stimulus that triggered the reaction.

20
Q

Describe Nervous Tissue

*

A

The tissue that receives sensory signals, process the information, and stimulates a response.

21
Q

What are neuroglia cells?

*

A

The cells of the nervous system that support and nourish the neurons.

22
Q

What are Neurons?

What are the three parts of a neuron?

*

A

The cells of the nervous system that receive and transmit nervous signals.

They consist of three parts, dendrites, the cell body, and the axon.

23
Q

Organ Systems

A

A collection of tissues joined into structural unit that serve a common function.

24
Q

What is Plasma and what are its components?

*

A

The liquid portion of the blood.

Plasma is mostly water and contains antibodies, nutrients, wastes, and other dissolved molecules.

25
Q

What are Platelets?

What is their function?

What is their scientific name?

*

A

Fragments of larger cells found in blood that initiate blood cloting.

Their scientific name is thrombocytes.

26
Q

Describe Pseudostratified Ciliated Columnar Epithelial Cells, where they are found, and their function.

*

A

Rectangular cells that possess small hair-like appendages called cilia found lining the trachea that protect against infection.

27
Q

Describe the cell body of a neuron.

A

The cell body contains the major concentration of the cytoplasm, and the nucleus of the nueron.

28
Q

What is a Dendrite?

A

The part of a neuron that sends signals toward the cell body.

29
Q

What is the general description of Connective tissue?

A

A type of tissue characterized by cells separated by a matrix that often contains fibers.

30
Q

Give a general description for Dense fibrous connective tissue.

A

A type of connective tissue containing many collagen fibers packed together.

31
Q

Where is Dermis located?

A

In the region of the skin that lies beneath the epidermis.

32
Q

Which part of a neuron carries signals to the cell body?

A

The Dendrites.

33
Q

What part of a neuron typically conducts nerve impulses away from cell body?

A

The Axon

34
Q

Describe the function and location of Smooth muscle.

A

It is nonstriated, involuntary muscle tissue found in the walls of interal organs; also called visceral muscle.

35
Q

Describe Stratified squamous epithelium, its locations, and function.

A

They are layers of flattened cells which make up skin and line body cavities and functions in protect.

36
Q

Describe the Subcutaneous layer of skin.

A

It is composed of loose connective and adipose tissue; used for energy storage and insulation.

37
Q

Describe Synovial membranes.

A

It is composed only of loose connective tissue, line freely moveable joint cavities.

38
Q

Describe tight cell junctions.

A

They form an impermeable barrier because adjacent plasma membrane proteins join which keeps gastric juices out of the body and urine within the kidneys.

39
Q

What are the three parts of a neuron?

A

The

Cell body

Dendrites

Axon

40
Q

Describe collagen fibers and where they are found.

A

White fibers in the matrix of connective tissue that give, flexibilty and strength.

Contain collagen, a protien that give them strength and flexibilty.

Occurs in both loose and dense fiberous connective tissue.

41
Q
A

Intro. Biology II Lecture (10 decks)

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