Chapter 11 Flashcards
(23 cards)
What is a functional group?
A part of an organic molecule that is largely responsible for the molecule’s chemical properties
What is organic chemistry?
The branch of chemistry that deals with carbon compounds
What is a hydrocarbon?
Molecule which consists of hydrogen and carbon
What is the homologous series?
A family of compounds with similar chemical properties whose successive members differ by the addition of a CH2 group
What does saturated mean?
Compounds with only single carbon to carbon bonds
What does unsaturated mean?
Compounds which contain at least 1 double or triple carbon-carbon bond
What does Aliphatic mean?
Carbon atoms are joined to each other in unbraced or branched atoms or non-aromatic rings
What does alicyclic mean?
Carbon atoms are joined together in a ring structure with or without branches
What does aromatic mean?
Some or all carbon atoms found in a benzene ring
What are alkanes?
Hydrocarbons with single carbon-carbon bonds
What are alkenes?
Hydrocarbons with at least 1 double carbon-carbon bond
What are Alkynes?
Hydrocarbons which contain at least 1 triple carbon to carbon bond
General formula for Alkanes
CnH2n+2
General formula for Alkenes
CnH2n
General formula for alcohols
C2nH2n+1OH
What are structural isomers?
Structural isomers have the same molecular formula but different structural formula
What are the types of reactions?
Addition
Substitution
Elimination
What is an addition reaction?
2 reactants join together to form 1 product; usually a double bond turned into 2 single bonds
What is a substitution reaction?
An atom or group of atoms is replaced by another atom or group of atoms. There are the same number of products and reactants
What is an elimination reaction?
The removal of a small molecule from a larger molecule.1 reactant molecule forms 2 products. A single bond usually is turned to a double bond
What does a curly arrow represent?
2 electrons moving
What is homolyitc fission?
Each of the bonded atoms take one of the shared pair of electrons
An atom or groups of atoms with an unpaired electron is called a radical
What is heterolytic fission?
One of the bonded atoms take both electrons from the bond. The atom that takes both electrons becomes the negative ion and the other becomes a positive ion
