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My Packs: (WIZEPREP) (BIOCHEM 2280) > Chapter 11: 11.1 ATP Synthesis > Flashcards

Chapter 11: 11.1 ATP Synthesis Flashcards

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1
Q

List:

Electron Carriers (Donors)

A
  1. NADH
  2. FADH2
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2
Q

Describe:

NADH

A

Donates 2 electrons to complex I of the electron transport chain (ETC)

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3
Q

Describe:

FADH2

A

Donates 2 electrons to complex II of the ETC

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4
Q

List:

Electron Carriers (Prosthetic Groups)

A
  • FMN
  • Iron-Sulfur Clusters
  • Coenzyme Q (ubiquinone)
  • Cytochromes
  • Copper Ions
  • Oxygen
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5
Q

Describe:

FMN

A

Found in complex I of the ETC
* Accepts 2 electrons

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6
Q

Describes:

Iron-Sulfur Clusters

A

Found in Complexes I, II, and III
* Accepts 1 electron

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7
Q

Describes:

Coenzyme Q (ubiquinone)

A

Shuttles electrons from complexes I & II to Complex III
* Accepts 2 electrons

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8
Q

Describe:

Cytochromes

A

Heme-containing proteins (possess protoporphyrin IX moiety)
* Can accept 1 electron

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9
Q

What are the different cytochromes?

A
  • Cytochrome a - Complex IV
  • Cytochrome b - Complex III
  • Cytochrome c - Complex III
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10
Q

Describe:

Copper Ions

A

Protein bound in complex IV
* Can accept 2 electrons

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11
Q

Describe:

Oxygen

A

The final electron acceptor (from complex IV)
* One O2 accepts 4 electrons from 4 cytochrome c proteins

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12
Q

Which prosthetic groups carry 1 electron?

A
  • Iron-Sulfur Clusters
  • Cytochromes
  • Copper Ions
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13
Q

Which prosthetic groups carry 2 electrons?

A
  • NADH
  • FADH2
  • FMN
  • Coenzyme Q
  • O2
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14
Q

What is the Electron Transport Chain?

A

Electrons are passed through a series of carriers found in four complexes

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15
Q

How do electrons move along the complexes in the ETC?

A

Electrons move favourably along the complexes based on Standard Reduction Potential (E’0)

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16
Q

What do E’0 values outline?

A

Outlines the tendency of a molecule to either be reduced or oxidized

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17
Q
  1. What does a negative E’0 value indicate?
  2. What does a positive E’0 value indicate?
A
  1. Indicates a good reducing agent (donates electrons)
  2. Indicates a good oxidizing agent (accepts electrons)
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18
Q

State:

The equation for ΔG’^0

A

ΔG’^0 = -nFΔE’

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19
Q

One NADH donor pumps – – across the membrane

A

10 H+

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20
Q

One FADH2 donor pumps - – across the membrane

A

6 H+

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21
Q

What do Electron Transport Chain Inhibitors do?

Study These Flashcards
A

Block electron flow

22
Q

State electron transport chain inhibitors for:

Complex I

Study These Flashcards
A
  • Rotenone
  • Amytal
23
Q

What do the electron transport chain inhibitors in Complex I do?

Study These Flashcards
A

Inhibit the flow of electrons from the iron sulfur cluster in complex I to Coenzyme Q

24
Q

State electron transport chain inhibitors for:

Complex III

25
# State electron transport chain inhibitors for: Complex IV
* Cyanide * Azide * CO
26
# State: 1. How uncouplers work in the Electron Transport Chain 2. Examples of uncouplers in the ETC
Disrupt the H+ gradient * 2,4-Dinitrophenol (DNP) * Carbonylcyanide-p-trifluoromethoxyphenylhydrazone (FCCP) * Salicylate
27
How does ATP synthesis work?
The proton pumped into the intermembrane space by the ETC then moves with their concentration gradient through ATP synthase to generate ATP
28
What two regions does ATP synthase comprise of?
F1 and F0
29
# Describe: Function of F0 unit of ATP Synthase
Anchors the enzyme to the inner mitochondrial membrane * H+ first passes through this unit
30
# Describe: Function of F1 unit in ATP Synthase
Peripheral part located in the mitochondrial matrix that performs the synthesis of ATP
31
# Describe: The structure of the F1 subunit of ATP Synthase
Alpha and Beta subunits form a cylindrical shape * Conformational changes in the beta subunit drive ATP production
32
How many beta subunits are there in F1?
3
33
What stages do the beta-subunits of F1 rotate through?
* Open (empty) * Loose (ADP + Pi) * Tight (ATP)
34
What drives the rotation of beta subunits through their stages?
The flow of H+
35
How many H+ is required for ATP?
4 H+ needed per ATP * 3 for synthesis * 1 for export via ATP-ADP translocase
36
What does P/O Ratios stand for?
Phosphate/Oxygen Ratio
37
What is the P/O Ratio for NADH?
2.5
38
What is the P/O Ratio for FADH2?
1.5
39
What is the P.O ratio of Cytosol derived NADH?
1.5
40
What does cytosol derived NADH have a P/O Ratio of 1.5?
It cannot cross the inner mitochondrial membrane so it is converted to FADH2 via the glycerophosphate shuttle
41
# State: 1. The process that the reaction belongs to 2. ATP/coenzyme produced 3. Final NET ATP gain/loss For: Glucose to Glucose-6-Phosphate
1. Glycolysis reactions 2. -1 ATP 3. -1
42
# State: 1. The process that the reaction belongs to 2. ATP/coenzyme produced 3. Final NET ATP gain/loss For: Fructose-6-Phosphate to Fructose-1,6-Biphosphate
1. Glycolysis reactions 2. -1 ATP 3. -1
43
# State: 1. The process that the reaction belongs to 2. ATP/coenzyme produced 3. Final NET ATP gain/loss For: 2 Glyceraldehyde-3-Phosphate to 2 1,3-Biphosphoglycerate
1. Glycolysis reactions 2. 2 NADH 3. 3 or 5 | (Cytosolic NADH only produce 3 ATP)
44
# State: 1. The process that the reaction belongs to 2. ATP/coenzyme produced 3. Final NET ATP gain/loss For: 2 1,3-Bisphosphoglycerate to 2 3-Phosphoglycerate
1. Glycolysis reactions 2. 2 ATP 3. 2
45
# State: 1. The process that the reaction belongs to 2. ATP/coenzyme produced 3. Final NET ATP gain/loss For: 2 Phosphoenolpyruvate to 2 Pyruvate
1. Glycolysis reactions 2. 2 ATP 3. 2
46
# State: 1. The process that the reaction belongs to 2. ATP/coenzyme produced 3. Final NET ATP gain/loss For: 2 Pyruvate to 2 Acetyl-CoA
1. Pyruvate Dehydrogenase Complex 2. 2 NADH 3. 5
47
# State: 1. The process that the reaction belongs to 2. ATP/coenzyme produced 3. Final NET ATP gain/loss For: 2 Isocitrate to 2 α-Ketoglutarate
1. Citric Acid Cycle reactions 2. 2 NADH 3. 5
48
# State: 1. The process that the reaction belongs to 2. ATP/coenzyme produced 3. Final NET ATP gain/loss For: 2 α-Ketoglutarate to 2 Succinyl-CoA
1. Citric Acid Cycle reactions 2. 2 NADH 3. 5
49
# State: 1. The process that the reaction belongs to 2. ATP/coenzyme produced 3. Final NET ATP gain/loss For: 2 Succinyl-CoA to 2 Succinate
1. Citric Acid Cycle reactions 2. 2 ATP/GTP 3. 2
50
# State: 1. The process that the reaction belongs to 2. ATP/coenzyme produced 3. Final NET ATP gain/loss For: 2 Succinate to 2 Fumarate
1. Citric Acid Cycle reactions 2. 2 FADH2 3. 3
51
# State: 1. The process that the reaction belongs to 2. ATP/coenzyme produced 3. Final NET ATP gain/loss For: 2 Malate to 2 Oxaloacetate
1. Citric Acid Cycle reactions 2. 2 NADH 3. 5
52
After going through glycolysis, pyruvate dehydrogenase complex, and Citric Acid Cycle, how many ATP are produced in total?
30-32

My Packs: (WIZEPREP) (BIOCHEM 2280) (32 decks)

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