Chapter 11, 12, 15

Question 1

Every diagnostic imaging system MUST have:

Answer 1

Protective tube housing
A correctly functioning control panel

Question 2

In equipment design, leakage:

Answer 2

Leakage cannot exceed 100 mR/hr at a distance of 1 meter

Question 3

Control panel (console):

Answer 3

Must indicate condition of exposure and have light or audible c-ray indicator

Question 4

a Table is:

Answer 4

Radiolucent- absorbs only minimal amount of radiation

Commonly carbon filter

Question 5

SID

Answer 5

Must have a means of measurement from anode focal spot to IR

Question 6

Beam Limiting devices

Answer 6

Devices that limit the x-ray beam before it enters the patient

Question 7

In scatter radiation, tight collimation:

Answer 7

Decreases patient dose

Question 8

To minimize skin exposure in Skin Sparing:

Answer 8

the patients skin surface should be at least 15 cm below collimator for fixed equipment

Question 9

Positive Beam Limitation:

Answer 9

Automatic collimation
Purpose is to restrict the size and shape, so it does not exceed the size and shape of the IR

Question 10

Effects of filtration:

Answer 10

Increases quality of the beam
Decreases quantity of x-rays by absorbing some low energy beams- fewer overall beams are left

Question 11

2 types of filtration?

Answer 11

Inherent- original filtration
Added- any filtration occurring outside the tube housing and before the IR

Question 12

Half Value Layer (HVL)

Answer 12

Decreases the intensity of the primary beam by 1/2 (50%) of its original value

Question 13

Types of compensating filters:

Answer 13

Wedge: bone and joint- T spine, feet (thicker part towards toes)
Trough (bilateral wedge): CXR- PA (thin center)

Question 14

Reproducibility

Answer 14

Consistent output in radiation intensity for identical generator setting from one exposure to the next

Question 15

Automatic Exposure Control (AEC)

Answer 15

Back up timer is set at 150%

Question 16

For Mobile Radiographic Units:

Answer 16

Minimum SSD of at least 30 cm (12 inches)

Question 17

Exposure factors for children:

Answer 17

Decrease kVp by 25% of adult

Question 18

Filtration

Answer 18

Minimum 2.5 mm total Al
Permanently installed

Question 19

Lead shielding

Answer 19

minimum .25 mm lead

Question 20

Cumulative timing device requirement:

Answer 20

sounds at 5 minutes

Question 21

Fluoroscopic exposure control switch must:

Answer 21

Be of the dead-man type

Question 22

C-arm operator, if standing close to the patient, could also receive:

Answer 22

A significant increase in occupational exposure from patient scatter

Question 23

Holistic Approach to Patient Care means to:

Answer 23

Care for the whole person rather than just the area of interest

Question 24

Advantages of Effective Communication:

Answer 24

-Reduces patient anxiety
-Creates better tech/patient relationship- trust and caring
-Increases chance of completing exams and reduces repeats

Question 25

2 types of motion:

Answer 25

Voluntary - patient controlled Involuntary- body systems

Question 26

Voluntary motion examples

Answer 26

Age Breathing Fear Mental instability

Question 27

Involuntary motion examples:

Answer 27

Muscle spasms Chills Tremors

Question 28

15% rule effect on Exposure Factor

Answer 28

Increase kVp by 15% and reducing mAs 1/2 will reduce radiation exposure

Question 29

Fluoroscopically Guided Positioning (FGP)

Answer 29

Must not be used on patients positioning Unacceptable and unethical practice

Question 30

Pregnant Patient

Answer 30

Ask LMP

Question 31

Annual occupational EfD limit is:

Answer 31

50 mSv (5 rem)

Question 32

Annual limit for general population is:

Answer 32

1 mSv (100 mrem) for continuous or frequent exposure from artificial sources

Question 33

Occupational dose for eyes

Answer 33

150 mSv

Question 34

The most effective means of protection from ionizing radiation:

Answer 34

Distance

Question 35

Lowest scatter area:

Answer 35

90 degrees to the patient

Question 36

Primary Protective Barrier

Answer 36

Prevents DIRECT or un-scattered radiation from reaching personnel or public 1/16 inch lead

Question 37

Secondary Protective Barrier:

Answer 37

1/32 inch lead Included ceiling and control booth

Question 38

Control Booth Barrier also considered

Answer 38

Secondary Barrier

Question 39

Gloves have

Answer 39

.25 mm lead

Question 40

Protective Eyeglasses

Answer 40

0.35 mm lead

Question 41

Protection during fluoro:

Answer 41

Protective apron: .5 mm Protective gloves: .25 mm Thyroid shield: .5 mm

Question 42

Where should radiographer stand during mobile procedure?

Answer 42

At a right angle (90 degrees) to the c-ray beam-scattering object (the patient) line

Question 43

What is collectively known as Secondary Radiation?

Answer 43

Scatter radiation and leakage radiation

Question 44

Workload (W) is used to:

Answer 44

Used to determine barrier shield requirements

Question 45

Use Factor (U):

Answer 45

The factor that represents the portion of beam-on time that the x-ray beam is directed at a primary barrier during the week

Question 46

Order of person holding:

Answer 46

Male relative Female relative Non-radiology personnel Radiology personnel