Chapter 11&12 Test (3/11)

Question 0

Dark dust clouds are ___ than there surroundings

Answer 0

Cooler

Question 1

Emission nebulas are created by..

Answer 1

Gas being illuminated by stars forming within the cloud

Question 2

For bright stars to form they have to..

Answer 2

Condense from dark dense nebulas

Question 3

True or False: stars evolve and move on the main sequence

Answer 3

False: the main sequence is NOT an evolutionary track

Question 4

Globular stars have ___ stars than open clusters

More/less

Answer 4

More

Question 5

90% of stars life is spent here

Answer 5

Main sequence

Question 6

Can a star undergo two or more red giant expansion stages?

Answer 6

Yes

Question 7

Our sun should become a planetary nebula in how many years?

Answer 7

5 billion

Question 8

____ will be the last heavy element formed by our sun

Answer 8

Carbon

Question 9

____ is the heaviest element formed by our star

Answer 9

Iron

Question 10

White dwarfs are ___ than our sun

Answer 10

Denser

Question 11

White dwarfs were once the cores of…

Answer 11

Stars that produced planetary nebulas

Question 12

The formation of ___ in the cores of supergiants triggers the type II supernova event

Answer 12

Iron

Question 13

True/false: some supernovas are so bright that you can see them in the day

Answer 13

True

Question 14

True/false: our sun will become both a red giant and a white dwarfs some time in its lifetime

Answer 14

True

Question 15

There could be planet sized chunks of ___ because of type II supernovae

Answer 15

Gold/diamond

Question 16

Due to ____ the nebulas appear blue

Answer 16

Due to the absorption of shorter wavelengths of light the nebulas appear blue

Question 17

__ and __ are needed for an emission nebula

Answer 17

Hot stars and interstellar gas

Question 18

Dark dust clouds are misnamed because they contain more __ than dust

Answer 18

Gas

Question 19

When a stars ___ and ___ are in balance it is said to be at hydrostatic equilibrium

Answer 19

Heat and Gravity

Question 20

2 gasses that make up the universe and the percentages

Answer 20

Hydrogen: 90%
Helium: 9%

Question 21

Light passing thru a cloud

Answer 21

1. Gets dimmer

2. Gets redder (reddening)

Question 22

Average temp of dark dust cloud

Answer 22

10 degrees K

Question 23

How many atoms are needed for a star the size of the sun?

Answer 23

10^57 atoms

Question 24

Where are protostars on the HR diagram?

Answer 24

Up and to the Right

Question 25

What temperature does hydrogen fuse? Helium?

Answer 25

H--> He @ 10 million degrees C | He-->C @ 100 million degrees C

Question 26

White dwarf/supernova dividing line

Answer 26

8 solar masses

Question 27

Type Ia/Type II supernovae dividing line

Answer 27

12 solar masses

Question 28

Remains of supernova (Type II)

Answer 28

Supernova remnants

Question 29

Type II supernova have..

Answer 29

Iron in the core Collapse/hit in middle >12 solar masses (large)

Question 30

Type Ia supernova

Answer 30

Pull mass from binary/companion star | 8-12 solar masses (small)

Question 31

Location on main sequence depends on

Answer 31

Mass

Question 32

Two types of clusters

Answer 32

1. Open | 2. Globular

Question 33

Naturally occurring elements in cores of stars

Answer 33

``` Carbon Helium Hydrogen Iron Magnesium Neon Silicon Sulfur CHHIMNSS ```

Question 34

Heaviest elements are fused where in a star?

Answer 34

Core

Question 35

Supergiants have the strongest

Answer 35

Solar wind

Question 36

Where are the remaining elements of the naturally occurring 92 made?

Answer 36

Supernova remnants

Question 37

Which is rarer? Gas or dust?

Answer 37

Dust

Question 38

Matter between existing stars is known as

Answer 38

Interstellar medium

Question 39

Newly formed region that will soon become a star

Answer 39

Opaque region

Question 40

In stages 2/3 the cloud begins to do this?

Answer 40

Shrink/collapse

Question 41

Hottest, brightest stars on main sequence

Answer 41

Blue Giants

Question 42

Pairs of stars that never vary in luminosity

Answer 42

Visual binary

Question 43

Clusters tend to develop in

Answer 43

Nebulas

Question 44

The helium flash happens when

Answer 44

Once helium begins to fuse so fast that the star cannot control the amount of energy that is released

Question 45

Helium lasts a long/short amount of time

Answer 45

Short

Question 46

As the envelope of the red giant is blown off it gets illuminated by the core below, this cloud is now called a...

Answer 46

Planetary nebula

Question 47

Eventually a white dwarf will burn out into a ...

Answer 47

Black dwarf

Question 48

If a white dwarf suddenly releases a lot of never by durring an explosion on its surface this is called

Answer 48

NOVA If it happens again and again it's is known as a recurrent NOVA

Question 49

Supernovas are the ___ of a star

Answer 49

Death

Question 50

How old is the universe? Is it speeding up or slowing down?

Answer 50

<14 billion years old. It is speeding up