Chapter 11

Question 1

Proteins that circulate in the blood, specifically attaching to one kind of antigen are ____.

Answer 1

antibodies

Question 2

Instead of seeking a doctor’s care, Hoyt seeks to reduce his anxiety with alcohol since alcohol also binds to the GABA receptor.

Answer 2

True

Question 3

To measure fear or anxiety in both humans and nonhumans, researchers measure variations in an individual’s ____.

Answer 3

startle reflex

Question 4

The amygdala is one of the main areas for integrating both environmental and genetic influences, and then regulating the current level of anxiety.

Answer 4

True

Question 5

If a hamster in its home territory attacks an intruder, what will the hamster do if a second intruder arrives shortly after the first intruder leaves?

Answer 5

Attack the second intruder quickly and vigorously

Question 6

After being frightened by a loud noise, Cira experienced activation of her ______ as her body prepared for an emergency.

Answer 6

sympathetic nervous system

Question 7

Activation of the HPA axis occurs during prolonged stress.

Answer 7

True

Question 8

Which type of leukocyte attaches to an intruder and produces a specific antibody to attack the intruder’s antigen?

Answer 8

B cell

Question 9

Adell is more likely to experience the startle reflex when she is

Answer 9

watching horror movies

Question 10

Why do humans suffer from sleepiness, decreased muscle activity, and decreased sex drive during illness?

Answer 10

They are useful ways of conserving energy while the body is attacking the illness

Question 11

The immune system’s way of telling the brain that the body is ill is by way of?

Answer 11

cytokinesis

Question 12

Claudia is taking a drug to reduce anxiety. Her drug works by?

Answer 12

increasing Gaba

Question 13

Psychologists typically define emotion in terms of the following components?

Answer 13

cognitions, feelings, actions, and physiological changes

Question 14

THe amygdala sends axons to the ?, which in turn sends axons to the pons to control the startle reflex.

Answer 14

midbrain

Question 15

At the center of the GABA receptor is a

Answer 15

chloride channel

Question 16

Which type of leukocyte matures in the bone marrow?

Answer 16

B cell

Question 17

Stephan is experiencing a lot of stress. His adrenal gland is likely releasing?

Answer 17

cortisol

Question 18

Activity in the left hemisphere is associated with?

Answer 18

behavioral activation

Question 19

Many cells in the amygdala get input from sensory modalities, especially the ? nuclei.

Answer 19

basolateral and central

Question 20

Charles is participating in a research study where she is looking at pictures of emotional facial expressions. While looking, she would have increased anxiety in her?

Answer 20

amygdala

Question 21

Startle responses are greater when a person is?

Answer 21

Anxious

Question 22

The group of forebrain structures that appear to be critical for emotion compromise is the?

Answer 22

Limbic system

Question 23

Which of the following has been associated with an increased probability of suicide attempts?

Answer 23

Low serotonin turnover

Question 24

Temporary increases in cortisol can enhance immune function.

Answer 24

True

Question 25

Stress activates two systems. One is the?

Answer 25

HPA axis, which becomes increasingly important with prolonged stressors

Question 26

Findings from people with pure autonomic failure suggest that

Answer 26

autonomic output is important for experiencing emotion

Question 27

The more important contributions to emotions come from the effects of the autonomic nervous system, not muscle activity.

Answer 27

True

Question 28

Dorie has had several BOTOX injections. Scientists would predict that shortly after her injections, Dorie?

Answer 28

would experience weaker than normal emotions

Question 29

Jennifer has been diagnosed with PTSD. As such, her startle reflex is suppressed.

Answer 29

False

Question 30

Stephan is experiencing a lot of stress. His adrenal gland is likely releasing?

Answer 30

cortisol

Question 31

Across studies involving amygdala damage, the general conclusion seems to be that the amygdala is important for?

Answer 31

focusing attention on emotional stimuli

Question 32

The amygdala is one of the main areas for integrating both environmental and genetic influences, and then regulating the current level of anxiety.

Answer 32

True

Question 33

People with damage to either the prefrontal cortex or the amygdala show difficulties processing emotional information.

Answer 33

True

Question 34

Dwaynes sometimes experiences periods of stress. As a result, the stress?

Answer 34

Boosts the activity of his immune system.

Question 35

Tanner has been convicted of violent crimes. Given what is known, what is most likely true about Tanner?

Answer 35

He was likely abused or witnessed abuse as a child.

Question 36

Which type of leukocyte attaches to an intruder and produces a specific antibody to attack the intruders antigen.

Answer 36

B cell

Question 37

Alberta has Urbach-Wiethe disease. As a result, she has damage to her ? and cannot process?

Answer 37

amygdala; fear

Question 38

The pattern of physiological reactions for each emotion is easily distinguishable by the person who is experiencing them.

Answer 38

False

Question 39

In people suffering from PTSD, the startle response is?

Answer 39

generally stronger than in other people

Question 40

Professor Deshon tells his class that aggressive behavior in males has been shown to be linked to levels of?

Answer 40

testosterone

Question 41

Individuals who manage to succeed and thrive despite many difficulties may best be described as?

Answer 41

Being resilient

Question 42

A study administering testosterone to women found which of these effects?

Answer 42

Testosterone increased the amount of time they looked at angry faces.

Question 43

Which of the following is characterized by extreme sympathetic nervous system arousal?

Answer 43

Panic attack

Question 44

Approach and avoidance responses are modified by output from the amygdala to the?

Answer 44

prefrontal cortex

Question 45

Depression is linked to? serotonin and aggressive behavior is linked to ? serotonin?

Answer 45

low; low

Question 46

Hans Selye's defined stress in terms of ?

Answer 46

the nonspecific response of the body to any demand

Question 47

Which effect is likely to result from damage to the amygdala?

Answer 47

A normal startle response, but an absence of learned fears.

Question 48

After damage to the amygdala, what happens to a rat's startle reflex?

Answer 48

The rat's startle reflex does not vary from one situation to another.

Question 49

A research study linked different genes for the enzyme MAOA to the probability of antisocial behavior. The effect of the gene varied from small to great, depending on what?

Answer 49

Whether the person was maltreated during childhood.

Question 50

One of the main differences between natural killer cells and T cells is that natural killer cells?

Answer 50

attack several kinds of intruders

Question 51

Alcohol decreases anxiety by?

Answer 51

promoting chloride flow at the GABA-A receptor complex

Question 52

Which evidence is most detrimental to the James- Lange theory?

Answer 52

Patients with pure autonomic failure experience emotions

Question 53

Nickie has been experiencing frequent periods of anxiety and occasional attacks of rapid breathing, increased heart rate, sweating, and trembling. Her doctor diagnosed her with?

Answer 53

an anxiety disorder

Question 54

Meda is able to recognize emotionally charged facial expressions from individuals in her own culture better than other cultures.

Answer 54

True

Question 55

Prolonged high cortisol levels are associated with increased hippocampal damage.

Answer 55

True

Question 56

A search for the happiness center in the brain is unlikely to be successful because

Answer 56

brain areas are associated with particular emotions vary considerably

Question 57

The term "serotonin turnover" refers to the amount of serotonin that is?

Answer 57

released at synapses and resynthesized

Question 58

Blood cells that attach to types of tumor cells and cells unfected with viruses are known as?

Answer 58

natural killer cells

Question 59

According to a number of animal studies, under which condition is the probability of violent behavior greatest?

Answer 59

Low serotonin turnover

Question 60

Under what circumstances do the criminal behaviors of monozygotic twins resemble each other more than dizygotic twins?

Answer 60

In adulthood

Question 61

Dr. Penland works with violent criminals. He has found that those individuals that ? are more likely to be repeat offenders.

Answer 61

had lower than normal serotonin turnover

Question 62

Activity in the left hemisphere is associated with?

Answer 62

behavioral activation

Question 63

Impulsive behavior and poor decisions are common symptoms of?

Answer 63

prefrontal damage

Question 64

Chemicals released by the immune system that attack infections and communicate with the brain to elicit anti-illness behaviors are?

Answer 64

cytokinesis

Question 65

After a loud noise, information travels from the medulla to the ? and then to the neck muscles?

Answer 65

Pons

Question 66

Some cats "play" with a mouse before killing it. How can this kind of behavior best be explained?

Answer 66

A conflict between attack and escape behaviors.

Question 67

What did researchers find in Antartic research scientists who spent a 9-month period of social isolations in the cold and dark?

Answer 67

T-cell functioning decreased by about half

Question 68

The concentration of 5- HIAA in the blood, cerebrospinal fluid, or urine provides an estimate of?

Answer 68

serotonin turnover

Question 69

An experimental drug, Rol15-4513, has been shown to block the behavioral effects of?

Answer 69

Alcohol

Question 70

The sympathetic nervous system is to ? as the parasympathetic nervous sytem is to ?

Answer 70

emergencies; relaxation

Question 71

The classical illness behaviors such as fever, sleepiness, and lack of appetite are caused by?

Answer 71

the immune system's production of cytokinesis

Question 72

The flow of ? ions across the membrane is controlled by the GABA-A complex

Answer 72

chloride

Question 73

Not all children who are abused become violently aggressive in adolescence or adulthood. Of the following, which has been demonstrated to influence violence by these people?

Answer 73

Genes regulating monoamine oxidase

Question 74

Leonore has pure autonomic failure. As such, she

Answer 74

does not experiences much intensity of emotion