Chapter 11

Question 1

Three Functions of the Nervous System

Answer 1

Sensory, Motor, Processing

Question 2

Two principle parts of the nervous system

Answer 2

CNS, PNS

Question 3

There are __ cranial nerves

Answer 3

12

Question 4

There are __ pairs of spinal nerves

Answer 4

31

Question 5

The central nervous system consists of the _______

Answer 5

Brain and Spinal Cord

Question 6

The peripheral nervous system consists of the _______

Answer 6

Cranial and spinal nerves

Question 7

The peripheral nervous system is split into ________ and ___________

Answer 7

Afferent (sensory) and efferent (motor)

Question 8

Somatic and Visceral send info ______ from the CNS to _________

Answer 8

Away, Skeletal muscles

Question 9

The Autonomic Nervous system consists of the ________ and ________ divisions

Answer 9

Sympathetic and parasympathetic

Question 10

Two types of nervous tissue cells are

Answer 10

Neuroglia and Neurons

Question 11

Four main neuroglia cells of the CNS are _________

Answer 11

Astrocytes, Microglial cells, Ependymal cells, Oligodendrocytes

Question 12

Astrocytes are the _____ ________ CNS neuroglia

Answer 12

Most abundant

Question 13

Microglial cells are small, ovoid cells with thorny processes that _____ and _____ neurons.

Answer 13

Touch and monitor

Question 14

Ependymal cells line ________ fluid-filled cavities

Answer 14

Cerebrospinal

Question 15

Oligodendrocytes are branched cells. Their processes wrap ___ ______ and form insulating ______ _______

Answer 15

CNS nerve fibers, myelin sheaths in thicker nerve fibers

Question 16

Two main neuroglia of the PNS are _______ and _________

Answer 16

Satellite and Schwann Cells

Question 17

The function of satellite cells is to ________

Answer 17

Surround neuron cell bodies in the PNS

Question 18

The function of Schwann cells is to ______

Answer 18

Surround all peripheral nerve fibers and form myelin sheaths in thicker nerve fibers

Question 19

Six components of the nerve cell

Answer 19

Dendrites, Body, Axons, Axon Hillock, Myelin Sheath, Schwann Cell

Question 20

Dendrites are the ________ _________ of a neuron

Answer 20

Receptive region of neuron

Question 21

Axons are the _______ _______ of a neuron

Answer 21

Conducting region of a neuron

Question 22

Myelin sheaths function is ________

Answer 22

Protect and electrically insulate an axon as well as increase speed of nerve impulse transmission

Question 23

A ganglia is a _______

Answer 23

Cluster of neuron cell bodies in the PNS

Question 24

Myelinated fibers are much _______ than unmyelinated fibers

Answer 24

Faster

Question 25

Motor neurons look way bigger than ______

Answer 25

sensory neurons

Question 26

Multipolar neurons have _______ or more processes, most common and major neuron type in CNS

Answer 26

Three

Question 27

Bipolar neurons have ____ processes consisting of ______ and ________. They are _______

Answer 27

Two (one axon, one dendrite). Rare

Question 28

Unipolar neurons have one _____ process consisting of two _____

Answer 28

T-like, Axons.

Question 29

Sensory neurons transmit ______ the CNS

Answer 29

Toward

Question 30

Motor neurons transmit _____ the CNS

Answer 30

Away from

Question 31

Interneurons lie between ______ and ______. They shuttle signals through CNS ______ and are mostly entirely within the _______

Answer 31

Motor and sensory. Pathways. CNS.

Question 32

Neurons have _____ energy. Opposite charges are _______. Highly ______

Answer 32

Potential. Attracted. Excitable

Question 33

Ohm's Law is ______

Answer 33

Current = Voltage / Resistance (I = V/R)

Question 34

Resistance is defined as a __________

Answer 34

Hindrance to charge flow

Question 35

Current is a flow of _________

Answer 35

Electrical charge between two points

Question 36

Two main types of ion channels are

Answer 36

Leakage (nongated, always open) and Gated channels.

Question 37

The three types of gated channels

Answer 37

Chemically (ligand) gated, Voltage-gated, Mechanically gated.

Question 38

Chemically gated channels open only ___________

Answer 38

With the binding of a specific chemical (e.g. a neurotransmitter)

Question 39

Voltage-gated channels ____________

Answer 39

Open and close in response to changes in membrane potential

Question 40

Mechanically gated channels ______

Answer 40

Open and close in response to physical deformation of receptors

Question 41

Resting membrane potential is approximately -70mV and can vary between

Answer 41

-40 to -90 mV.

Question 42

What happens during depolarization

Answer 42

Sodium channels open and sodium rushes into the cell

Question 43

What happens during repolarization

Answer 43

Potassium channels open and potassium rushes out of the cell

Question 44

What happens during hyperpolarization

Answer 44

Some K+ channels remain open, allowing excess K+ efflux inside of membrane. Becomes more negative

Question 45

After repolarization what happens

Answer 45

Sodium and Potassium pumps restore ionic conditions

Question 46

What is the "all or none"

Answer 46

Action potential either happens completely, or does not happen at all

Question 47

Continuous conduction is _____

Answer 47

Slow conduction that occurs in nonmyelinated axons

Question 48

Saltatory conduction occurs only in _______ axons and is about __ times faster

Answer 48

Myelinated. 30.

Question 49

A synapse is a _______

Answer 49

Junction that mediates information transfer

Question 50

Presynaptic neurons conduct impulses ______ synapse

Answer 50

Toward

Question 51

Postsynaptic neurons transmit electrical signals _____ from synapse

Answer 51

Away

Question 52

EPSP (Excitatory Postsynaptic Potential)

Answer 52

Brings the neuron closer to AP threshold. Neurotransmitter binding opens chemically gated ion channels, allows Na+ and K+ to pass simultaneously with Na+ influx greater than K+ efflux.

Question 53

Temporal Summation

Answer 53

One or more presynaptic neurons transmit impulses in rapid-fire order. First impulse produces EPSP, before it dissipates another EPSP is triggered, stacking on top of eachother.

Question 54

Spatial Summation

Answer 54

Postsynaptic neuron is stimulated by large number of terminals simultaneously. Many receptors are activated, each produce EPSP's, which can then add together.