Chapter 11

Question 1

What structures are included in the Nervous System?

Answer 1

Brain, Spinal cord, Nerves, Sensory Receptors

Question 2

What are the functions of the Nervous System?

Answer 2

regulate and synchronize body to maintain homestasis

Question 3

What two types of cells are found in the Nervous System?

Answer 3

Neurons & Glial Cells

Question 4

What are Neurons?

Answer 4

excitable cells of nervous system

Question 5

What are glial cells?

Answer 5

cells that support neurons

Question 6

Glial Cells and Neurons work together to…

Answer 6

• maintain homeostasis
• control muscles & glands
• receive sensory input/detect stimuli
• process/act on info recieved

Question 7

What are the three parts to a neuron?

Answer 7

1. neuron cell body
2. dendrites
3. single axon

Question 8

Axon

Answer 8

long extensions from cell body where neuron sends electrical signal to other cells

Question 9

Nerve

Answer 9

bundle of axons outside brain & spinal cord

Question 10

cranial nerves

Answer 10

nerves from brain

Question 11

spinal nerves

Answer 11

nerves from spinal cord

Question 12

ganglia

Answer 12

some neurons group tg outside brain & spinal cord

Question 13

plexus

Answer 13

bundle of nerves outside brain & spinal cord

Question 14

What are the 2 divisions of the Nervous System?

Answer 14

• Central Nervous System (CNS)
• Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)

Question 15

What is the CNS (central nervous system)

Answer 15

• receives info from and sends info to body (decision maker)
• made up of brain & spinal cord

Question 16

What is the PNS (peripheral nervous system)

Answer 16

• detects stimuli in & around body, sends to CNS (messenger)

Question 17

PNS

Answer 17

• made up of receptors, ganglia, nerves, plexus
• sensory division
• motor division

Question 18

Sensory Division of PNS

Answer 18

• afferent (toward CNS)
• light, sound, taste, smell. temp, touch, pain, pressure
• location: around body (muscles, skin, joints, eyes)
• detects info & sends to CNS via nerves

Question 19

Motor Division of PNS

Answer 19

• efferent (away from CNS)
• movement, changes in metabolism, heart rate, breathing rate
• 2 branches
  - somatic
  - autonomic

Question 20

Somatic Branch of PNS

Answer 20

• voluntary control
• skeletal muscles
• stimulates contractions

Question 21

Autonomic Branch of PNS

Answer 21

• involuntary control
• 2 subdivisions
  - sympathetic subdivision
  - parasympathetic subdivision

Question 22

Sympathetic Subdivision of Autonomic Branch

Answer 22

• readies body for Physical Activity –> fight or flight

Question 23

Parasympathetic Subdivision of Autonomic Branch

Answer 23

• regulates resting functions –> rest & digest

Question 24

What are the 3 parts to a neuron?

Answer 24

1. cell body
2. dendrites
3. single axon

Question 25

What are the 3 types of Neurons

Answer 25

1. sensory neurons 2. motor neurons 3. interneurons

Question 26

sensory neurons

Answer 26

afferent neuron --> conducts AP toward CNS

Question 27

motor neurons

Answer 27

efferent neurons --> conduct AP away from CNS - pushes AP toward muscles or glands

Question 28

Interneurons

Answer 28

conduct AP in CNS from one neuron to another

Question 29

What are the 4 types of neuron structures?

Answer 29

- multipolar - psudeo-unipolar - bipolar - anaxonic

Question 30

Multipolar Neuron

Answer 30

many dendrites & single axon ex. motor neurons of CNS and most neurons in PNS are multipolar

Question 31

Bipolar Neurons

Answer 31

2 processes - 1 dendrite - 1 axon ex. in some sensory organs

Question 32

Pseudo-unipolar neurons

Answer 32

forms 2 branches from cell body which become an axon

Question 33

anaxonic neurons

Answer 33

only have dendrites --> communicate w graded potentials ex. in brain and retina

Question 34

What are the 4 types of Glial Cells for CNS?

Answer 34

1. astrocytes 2. ependymal cells 3. microglia 4. oligodendrocytes

Question 35

astrocytes

Answer 35

- help regulate blood flow through body - help regulate extracellular fluid in brain - establishes blood brain barrier - star-shaped - help in CNS to block off wounds

Question 36

Ependymal Cells

Answer 36

- line cavity of brain and central canal of spinal cord - help get rid of waste in body

Question 37

Microglia

Answer 37

- immune cells - ingest foreign substances in body (phagocytosis)

Question 38

Oligodendrocytes

Answer 38

- form insulation layer around axons - help form myelin sheath

Question 39

2 Types of Glial Cells for PNS

Answer 39

1. satellite cells 2. schwann cells

Question 40

Satellite Cells

Answer 40

- provide nutrition for neuron cell bodies - absorb heavy metals to protect cells

Question 41

Schwann Cells

Answer 41

- form myelin sheaths around ONE axon

Question 42

Myelinated Axons

Answer 42

schwann cells (PNS) or oligodendrocytes (CNS) wrap around axon --> conduct electrical signals quicker than unmyelinated axon

Question 43

Unmyelinated Axons

Answer 43

have myelin but axons lay in the seams * if myelin is damaged, AP is slowed

Question 44

Central Nervous System (CNS)

Answer 44

- gray matter : group of nerve cell bodies, dendrites, and neuroglial cells in CNS (darker) - white matter : bundles of parallel axons in CNS (lighter) - form nerve tracts