Chapter 11 Flashcards
Special Collections (34 cards)
Septicemia
Presence of pathogens and toxins in the circulating bloodstream, sometimes called “blood poisoning.”
Blood ________ are often collected from patients who have fevers of _______ ______ (FUO).
Cultures; unknown origin.
What percent of people with severe sepsis die?
Between 28 and 50 percent.
Blood cultures aid in identifying the specific _________ organism causing infections.
Bacterial
When taking a blood culture specimen, after you find the vein, scrub the site of the venipuncture with 70% isopropyl alcohol for __ seconds, and then scrub with the ______ ________ for at least 30 seconds.
60; iodine tincture.
What should you use if the patient is sensitive to iodine tincture or if the patient is an infant older than two months?
Chlorhexidine gluconate.
How should you clean the site with iodine tincture when prepping for blood culture collection?
The iodine swab should be placed at the venipuncture site and moved outward in concentric circles to a diameter of approximately 2.5 inches for a total of about 30 seconds. Scrub with friction.
Collect the blood culture by vacuum tube, syringe, or ______ _________ assembly.
Safety butterfly
True or False: You can go back over an area that has been prepped for blood culture collection.
False. This could potentially cause contamination. It should not be touched and should be allowed to dry for 1 to 1.5 minutes.
SPS stands for:
Sodium polyanethole sulfonate
It is recommended to take __ mL for a safety sterile syringe collection (blood cultures). What should then be done with this volume of fluids?
20mL. 10mL should be transferred to the anaerobic bottle and the remaining 10mL to the aerobic bottle.
What needle gauge can be used for blood culture collection?
21- or 23-gauge.
Cannula
A tubular instrument used to gain access to venous blood.
How much blood can usually be collected from infants and small children? What does the CLSI say about collection in reference to a patient’s total blood volume?
Between 1 and 5 mL. The CLSI states that no more than 1% of a patient’s total blood volume can be collected.
It can be helpful to place a strip of ____ over the butterfly wings to keep the needle in place as the blood culture bottles are filled with the blood.
Tape.
What do you do if only 3mL of blood are collected when drawing for blood cultures?
Place the entirety of the specimen in the aerobic bottle.
SPS is an additive in what colored tube? What are these tubes used for?
Yellow-topped evacuated tube. Blood cultures.
GTT stand for?
Glucose Tolerance Test
Diabetes Mellitus
Patient has problems with carbohydrate (i.e., sugar) metabolism.
What is hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) used for?
Screening and diagnosis of diabetes.
What is the purpose of a GTT test?
Test the efficiency of your body’s insulin-releasing mechanism and glucose-disposing system.
What are the 5 requirements to receive the best test results before a GTT test?
1) Eat normal, balanced meals for at least 3 days before the test.
2) Fast for 8-12 hours before the test.
3) Drink water.
4) Do NOT drink unsweetened tea, coffee, or any other beverage during fasting or during the procedure.
5) Do NOT smoke, chew tobacco, or chew gum during fasting or during the procedure.
A dose of __ grams of glucose is recommended for the diagnosis of gestational diabetes.
75.
Gestational Diabetes
Diabetes occurs during pregnancy, usually during the second or third trimester.
