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Anatomy (CH. 9-16) > Chapter 11 > Flashcards

Chapter 11 Flashcards

Lymphatic System

1
Q

Exposure to the infectious agent; immune system creates antibodies against it

A

Naturally active immunity

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2
Q

An infant receives antibodies from mother’s breast milk that protect against the infectious agent

A

Naturally passive immunity

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3
Q

Exposure to non-threatening antigens in a vaccination that promote an immune response, and production of protective antibodies

A

Artificially active immunity

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4
Q

An injection of antibodies or antitoxins that protects from an infectious agent

A

Artificially passive immunity

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5
Q

A widespread defense that works to fight many pathogens without prior exposure

A

Nonspecific defenses

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6
Q

A defense that requires prior exposure to a pathogen so the system can recognize the pathogen, fight the pathogen, and remember the pathogen

A

Specific immunity

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7
Q

Which of the following types of pathogens is NOT cellular, and therefore does not have cellular structures such as ribosomes?

A

Viruses

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8
Q

Where are protective epithelial surfaces found?

A

All external and internal surfaces of the body

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9
Q

Which of the following is FALSE regarding normal flora?

A

Normal flora frequently cause disease

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10
Q

Which of these cells is capable of phagocytosis?

A

Dendritic cells

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11
Q

Which of these chemicals aids in inducing apoptosis in a virally-infected cell?

A

Granzyme

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12
Q

Which of these cell types is capable of producing cytotoxic chemicals against a multicellular parasite?

A

Eosinophils

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13
Q

Which of the following is largely responsible for swelling during inflammation?

A

Histamine

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14
Q

Vasodilation and capillary permeability might be helpful in an immune reaction because_______?

A

vasodilation and increased permeability allow immune cells to exit the blood and fight bacteria in the tissues

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15
Q

Which of the following is NOT an effect of interferons secreted by an infected cell?

A

Interferons attach to viruses, resulting in destruction of the pathogens

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16
Q

Which of these cells or organs plays a role in destroying pathogens using complement?

A

Erythrocytes
Macrophages
The liver

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17
Q

Which of these statements is TRUE about macrophages?

A

Macrophages phagocytose bacteria when they recognize complement proteins on the bacterial surface

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18
Q

Which cell type destroys bacteria, fights against transplanted tissues, attacks cells infected by viruses, and destroys cancer cells?

A

Natural killer cells

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19
Q

Which cells are involved in humoral immunity?

A

Plasma cells

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20
Q

Where do the thoracic and right lymphatic ducts deliver lymph?

A

Subclavian vein

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21
Q

The lymphatic system is closely connected to what other system?

A

Cardiovascular

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22
Q

What lymphoid tissue is scattered throughout the mucous membranes lining tracts to the outside environment?

A

MALT

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23
Q

Which type of T cell is affected by HIV?

A

T Helper cells

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24
Q

T cells migrate from the red bone marrow to what organ to mature?

A

Thymus

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25
Where does lymph travel?
Lymph moves through the lymph vessels to the collecting ducts and back into blood circulation at the subclavian veins
26
Which of the following falls under the second line of defense?
Inflammation
27
Which of the following does not fall under the first line of defense?
Antimicrobial proteins
28
What Lymphoid Tissue guards against pathogens entering the body through the nose or mouth?
Tonsils
29
Lymph is similar to what other bodily fluid?
Plasma
30
Which duct drains lymph from the head, the right arm, and the right side of the thorax?
Right Lymphatic Duct
31
Which of the following statements about lymph and lymph vessels is true?
Lymph returns to the cardiovascular system through a network of open lymph vessels that drain the tissue of lymph
32
What type of T cells directly kill cells infected by viruses and cancer cells in specific immunity?
T Cytotoxic Cells
33
What are the 3 functions of the Lymphatic System?
1. Transporting 2. Absorbing 3. Defending
34
What are the roles of Lymphatic Capillaries?
1. Collection of excess interstitial fluid and delivering it to the blood stream 2. Return of small proteins filtered by blood capillaries to bloodstream 3. Delivery of foreign particles to the lymph nodes 4. Absorption of dietary fats and delivery of absorbed fats to the bloodstream
35
What do Lymphatic Collecting Ducts do?
return lymph to the bloodstream at the subclavian veins
36
Which duct drains a much larger portion of body and drains into the left subclavian vein?
Thoracic duct
37
Name the 5 cells of the immune system
1. Natural Killer (NK) cells 2. Macrophages 3. Dendritic Cells 4. T Cells 5. B Cells
38
What are Natural Killer Cells?
Lymphocytes that destroy bacteria, fight against transplanted tissues, attack virally infected cells and destroy cancer cells
39
What are Macrophages?
Monocytes that have migrated to the tissues, where they phagocytize bacteria, debris, and dead neutrophils
40
What are Dendritic Cells?
Located in the epidermis and serve as APCs
41
What are T Cells?
Lymphocytes that are important in nonspecific defense and specific immunity
42
What are B Cells?
Lymphocytes that serve as APCs and are important in humoral immunity because they produce antibodies
43
Name the cells within the T Cells
1. T Helper Cells 2. T Cytotoxic Cells 3. T Memory Cells 4. T Regulatory Cells
44
Name the cells within the B cells
1. B Plasma Cells 2. B Memory Cells
45
MALT stands for?
Mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue
46
What is MALT?
Scattering of lymphocytes in mucous membranes lining tracks to the outside environment
47
What is Peyer's patches?
Nodules of lymphocytes at the distal end of the small intestine
48
What is the function of the lymph nodes?
Filters lymph on its way back to the bloodstream
49
Where are lymph nodes located?
Throughout the body, but mainly in the trunk
50
What do macrophages do for the body?
Engulf and digest foreign substances, damaged cells, debris
51
Name the functions of the lymph nodes and what they do
1. Filter, filters potentially harmful particles from the lymph 2. Immune Surveillance, monitors body fluids via macrophages and lymphocytes
52
What do lymphocytes do for the body?
attack various pathogens in lymph nodes
53
What are the tonsils function?
Ring the pharynx to guard against pathogens entering the body through the nose or mouth
54
Name the types of tonsils
1. Pharyngeal tonsil 2. Palatine tonsils 3. Lingual tonsils
55
What matures T cells that recognize foreign antigens, and destroys T cells that react to self-antigens?
Thymus Gland
56
Name the 3 lines of defense against pathogens
1. External barriers 2. Inflammation, antimicrobial proteins, fever and cellular barriers 3. Specific immunity
57
What is Nonspecific Defense?
widespread and function the same way every time
58
What is Specific Immunity?
requires a prior exposure to a pathogen so that it can recognize, react and remember the pathogen
59
The skin and mucous membranes are what types of barriers?
External barriers
60
What are the forms of acquired immunity?
1. Passive 2. Active 3. Natural (active and passive) 4. Artificial (active and passive)
61
Define active, passive, natural and artificial immunity
Active is when the body actively creates its own immunity Passive is acquired through someone or something else Natural is accomplished through naturally occurring means Artificial is immunity that is not acquired naturally
62
Macrophages are activated by __________ for nonspecific defense such as inflammation and fever
T Helper Cells
63
What are the effects of aging on the Lymphatic System?
* the ability to move fluid between the cardiovascular and lymphatic systems does NOT decrease with age * the number of B cells in the Lymphoid tissues will remain relatively stable * the thymus gland shrinks with age * the number of new T cells decreases with age * the immune response may slow down with age and old viruses may reemerge
64
Name the diagnostic tests for Lymphatic System Disorders
1. Bone Marrow Aspiration and Biopsy 2. CT Scan 3. Lumber Puncture 4. Lymph Node Biopsy 5. MRI 6. White Blood Cell Count (WBC) 7. White Blood Differential Count
65
Which the following types of pathogens is not cellular, and therefore does not have cellular structure, such as ribosomes
Viruses
66
Where are protective epithelial surfaces found
All external and internal surface of the body
67
Which of the following is false regarding normal flora
Normal flora frequently cause disease
68
Which cell destroys bacteria, fight against transplanted tissue, attack cells, infected by viruses, and destroys cancer cells?
Natural killer cells
69
Which type of these cells is important in the specific immunity because they produced antibodies, which are dissolved proteins in plasma that seek out specific foreign and gin for their destruction?
B plasma cells
70
Which type of these cells is important in the specific immunity because they produced antibodies, which are dissolved proteins in plasma that seek out specific foreign and gin for their destruction?
B plasma cells
71
Where does Limp travel?
Limb moves through the lymph vessels to the collecting ducks and back into the blood circulation at the subclavian veins
72
Which type of B cell id important in specific immunity because they produce antibodies which are dissolved proteins in plasma that seek out specific foreign antigen for their destruction
B plasma cells

Anatomy (CH. 9-16) (9 decks)

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