chapter 11 Flashcards
(19 cards)
Which of the following is the central aspect of an individual’s personality?
self
How has recent research helped to reshape the dominant Piaget view of infants’ and young children’s understanding of others?
It has shown that they are not as egocentric and are more socially perceptive than Piaget thought.
Ted is very good at understanding his friends’ needs and thoughts. He is adept at
perspective taking.
As individuals get older, they describe __________Blank possible selves and portray them in more __________Blank ways.
fewer; concrete
Self-esteem is linked to many different factors. It is important to remember that the research on self-esteem is __________ rather than __________.
correlational; experimental
scott realizes that his memory is not what it used to be. He carries a small notebook with him to write down important information that he will need to recall later. This is an example of
compensation.
Erikson referred to the gap between childhood security and adult autonomy as
psychosocial moratorium.
Sometimes Kianna wants to become a lawyer and focuses her attention on school work. Other times she finds playing with children so fun and spends most of her time as a volunteer at a preschool. Kianna’s change of interests is an example of Erikson’s
psychosocial moratorium.
According to James Marcia, the part of identity development in which individuals show personal investment in an identity is known as
commitment.
Thirteen-year-old Cody does not understand or care about how his strengths and weaknesses will guide him into different roles in the future. According to James Marcia, Cody is in a state of identity
diffusion.
Stephanie has finished college and happily begun a career as a chemist. But her mother explains that few decisions are permanent and that Stephanie may continue to reevaluate her choices and change careers several times during the course of her life. Stephanie’s mother is describing
the “MAMA” cycle.
For positive identity development, a family atmosphere should
promote both individuality and connectedness.
According to Catherine Cooper, self-assertion and separateness are two dimensions of
individuality.
Juan is a college student who is reflecting on his ethnic identity and how he fits into mainstream culture. He has a diverse group of friends, loves American cinema, and is active in the campus Latino Club. Juan likely
has a bicultural identity.
The Big Five factors theory of personality is the view that personality is made up of
openness to experience, conscientiousness, extraversion, agreeableness, and neuroticism.
What is characteristic of the transition that occurs in the novice phase, in Levinson’s theory?
development of a dream, and the free experimentation and testing of this dream in the real world
The seventh stage of Erikson’s life-span theory takes place during middle age and is referred to as
generativity versus stagnation.
Specht, Egloff, and Schukle (2011) found that emotional stability, extraversion, openness, and agreeableness were __________ in early adulthood, __________ between 40 and 60 years of age, and __________ in late adulthood.
lower; peaked; decreased
In the Berkeley Longitudinal Studies, which of the following dimensions was considered the most stable in adult personality development?
self-confidence
