Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Biology final > Chapter 11-18 > Flashcards

Chapter 11-18 Flashcards

(81 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

what is the sequence of life?

A

prokaryotes became eukaryotic, eukaryotic changed into multi organisms. then cam to land

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

RNA came before what

A

DNA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What are prokaryotes?

A

bacteria and archaea are domain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

what do endotoxins in pathogens do?

A

part of bacteria’s membrane

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

exotoxins?

A

send toxin out of themselves

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

what are protists?

A

Anything that is not animal like

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

what are protozoans?

A

animal like

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

algea?

A

plants like

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is the difference between Algea and plants?

A

algea has to be in water

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

what are shoots in plants?

A

leaves and the stem

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is the mycorrhizae?

A

fungi that gives them food

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What does a xylem do?

A

carriers water

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What does a pholem do?

A

carriers food and sugar

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

what is a gametangia?

A

a gamete making structure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Where do mosses live?

A

Live in water because they are non vascular so the cells are hydrated.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What are ferns?

A

they are plants that can be out of water but must live near it because they are vascular. (xylum and pholem)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

gymnosperms?

A

Have cones that land on other cones

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

angiosperms?

A

flowers and fruits

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What are the advantages of plants

A

food, lumber, oxygen, and fossil fuels

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

what are the disadvantages of plants?

A

heroine, bad drugs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What are fungi?

A

hyphae, mycellium, and sporangia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What are spores?

A

ferns, mosses, and fungus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

benefits of fungus

A

decompose, medicine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

disadvantages of fungus

A

decompose, parasites, drugs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
what is in an animal?
multicellular, no cell wall
26
what is a body cavity?
space between outer coleum
27
what are echinoderms grouped with
vertebrates
28
patterns of evolution
fish to reptiles, to birds and mammles
29
what types of reproduction are there
egg laying, pouch, carrying in womb
30
sequence of events for humans
started as primates, humans got out of trees and lived in grasslands. then made tools, fire and wore cloth. left africa, neanderthals.
31
what did modern humans have
art and agriculture
32
what happened when the humans met the neanderthals?
they killed them off
33
what are the direct values of biodiversity?
physically eating, hunting
34
indirect values of biodiversity
don't notice it but we benefit from it
35
threats to biodiversity
habitat loss, exotic species and pollution, disease
36
conservation of biodiversity
keeping what is already there
37
restoration of biodiversity
putting back what used to be there
38
what can gene expression do
turn a gene off and on when needed
39
what are the control sequences?
promoter, operator, and repressor
40
what does promoter do?
where everything starts
41
what does the operator do
the on and off switch
42
what does the repressor do
turns gene off
43
what operating system do prokaryotes have?
simple
44
operating system do eukaryotes have?
complex
45
what does a bar body do?
turns off entire chromosome
46
what does transcription do
on off switch
47
what can alternate RNA splicing do
can cut introns of mRNA
48
what do homeotic genes?
they tell which body parts to develop where
49
advantage of stem cells
can turn into any cell you need
50
disadvantages of stem cells
have to destroy embryo
51
gene cloning
producing many identical genes at from one
52
PCR?
making a bunch of copies of segment of DNA for evidence (CSI)
53
What do transgenic do?
transfers genes from one organism to another
54
what does gene therapy do?
replaces diseased gene with a healthier one
55
what is evolution?
the change in genetics of a species over time
56
Evidence of evolution
fossils, extinctions, biogeographical and biochemical evidence and anatomical evidence
57
what is biogeographical evidence?
same area same genetics
58
what is biochemical evidence?
have some basic molecules
59
what is anatomical evidence?
we all have same Characteristics at one time
60
what is a homologous structure?
same function, same structure (built same way and does same job)
61
what is a analogous structure?
same function but different structure
62
what is a vestigial structure?
fully functional in one group but absent in others
63
what is microevolution?
a change in gene frequencies within a population, doesn | t change into a new species
64
what is macroevolution?
different genes separate from each other, changes into new speciesp
65
P?
AA
66
2PQ?
Aa
67
Q?
aa
68
what are mutations?
typos when gene is created
69
genetic drift?
certain alleles surviving by chance
70
gene flow?
movement of alleles between population
71
non random mating?
choose mating
72
what is natural selection?
survival of the fittest
73
what does stabilizing do?
mainstream organisms, the middle
74
what is directional natural selection?
favors one extreme over the other
75
what does disruptive natural selection do?
favors only the extremes
76
what is allopatric specification?
where two groups are physically separated from eachother
77
what is sympatric specification?
stay in same place but something changes behavior wise
78
what does punctuated mean?
abruptly happens
79
what does gradualism mean?
gradually happens
80
what does clade do?
anything that comes afters the start (V-shape)
81
What is a cladeogram?
a family tree

Biology final (1 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions