Chapter 11 Flashcards
Which areas should be targeted by the community health nurse who wishes to successfully establish a program to decrease childhood mortality rates?
a. Accidents and injuries
b. Acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS)
c. Childhood obesity
d. Vaccine-preventable diseases
a. Accidents and injuries
Rationale: Injuries and accidents are the most common causes of preventable disease, disability, and death among children. Most accidents occur in the home; therefore, measures to promote home safety are important. In canada, injuries and accidents in children aged 1-14 are the leading causes of death. Obesity, although a significant problem is not a common cause of death in children.
What is the most important action to be taken by the CHN who wishes to decrease childhood obesity?
a. Lobbying legislators to enact stronger legislation regarding unhealthy lunches and food from snack machines in schools.
b. Increasing availability of nutrition programs in which schoolchildren are taught to make healthy food choices.
c. Involving the entire family in the management of obesity in a child.
d. Providing after-school activities and summer camps that focus on diet and exercise.
c. Involving the entire family in the management of obesity in a child.
Because children don’t buy groceries.
They don’t plan meals.
They don’t drive themselves to the gym or say, “Actually Mom, quinoa not mac & cheese tonight.”
They are 100% shaped by their environment, especially the home—and that means parents, siblings, and family routines. So the only way to create lasting change is to target the whole system the kid lives in.
CHNs work directly with families in the home, so they’re uniquely positioned to help shift those habits in real time.
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Why the other answers lose the crown:
• a. Lobbying legislators
Great, but this is macro-level (aka public health nurse territory). It’s slow, indirect, and doesn’t change what that family eats tonight.
• b. Nutrition programs in schools
Cute. Helpful. But again—school isn’t the whole picture. Kids eat most of their meals at home, and you can’t teach broccoli into existence if no one at home buys it.
• d. After-school programs & camps
These are supportive and fun, but they’re not consistent or home-based. Also, good luck changing long-term behavior with a 2-week camp
What constitutes tertiary prevention by a CHN who wants to promote improved health in obese children?
a. Establishing lifestyle improvement programs through local youth organizations.
b. Evaluating the food intake of a group of children for a 48-hour period.
c. Providing educational programs to overweight prospective parents because they are at greater risk of heaving overweight children.
d. Measuring body mass index in children during regularly scheduled well-child assessments.
a. Establishing lifestyle improvement programs through local youth organizations.
Why?
• the Kids are already obese → we’re not guessing or screening.
• The CHN is setting up ongoing support: activity programs, better eating habits, behavior change.
• It’s an intervention that helps them get healthier long-term = managing the condition = tertiary prevention.
This is not “maybe we’ll find obesity.”
This is: “We found it. Let’s work on it.”
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Other choices — let’s tear ‘em down gently:
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b. Evaluating the food intake of a group of children for a 48-hour period
• This is Assessment, not Prevention.
• You’re not doing anything to help them—just gathering data.
• Maybe useful, but doesn’t prevent or manage anything.
Not primary, not secondary, definitely not tertiary. It’s pre-action busywork.
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c. Providing educational programs to overweight prospective parents
• Prospective parents = future kids
• Goal = prevent obesity in offspring
• This is Primary prevention, and honestly a good idea, just not what they asked.
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d. Measuring BMI during well-child visits
• This is screening
• Catching issues early = Secondary prevention
• Not helping obese kids manage anything yet—just spotting the problem
Which statement provides the best definition of women’s’ health?
a. Women’s health is health care taken in fostering gynecological and reproductive wellness.
b. Women’s health is health care that assists the transition from girlhood to womanhood and through menopause.
c. Women’s health includes health promotion, health protection, and health maintenance across a women’s lifespan.
d. Women’s health is the management and treatment of conditions unique to the female sex.
c. Women’s health includes health promotion, health protection, and health maintenance across a women’s lifespan.
Rationale: Womens health is related to the entire lifespan of women and involves health promotion, health protection, disease prevention, and health maintenance in adult women. This broad emphasis on women’s health contrasts with the view of women’s health solely in terms of their reproductive health or their role as mothers.
What constitutes secondary prevention by a CHN who wants to promote improved health in obese women?
a. Educating women about the risks of obesity
b. Preventing long-term complications of preexisting hypertension.
c. Modifications of women’s diet and medications, as indicated.
d. Screening using a full glucose tolerance test.
d. Screening using a full glucose tolerance test.
Rationale: Secondary prevention includes screening activities. Screening for diabetes is an example of secondary prevention. Preventing long-term complications of preexisting hypertension and modification of diet and medications are actions aimed at reducing complications of a disease process (tertiary prevention). Educating women about the risks of obesity falls under primary prevention and includes interventions aimed at educating women about diabetes, nutrition, and the risks of obesity, smoking, and physical inactivity.
What is the primary determining factor of poor health outcomes in women?
a. Feelings of powerlessness
b. Lack of knowledge
c. Poverty
d. Stress
c. Poverty
In most parts of the world, women live longer than men but are generally less healthy. This difference in health status is related to poverty.
What is the nursing specialty that focuses on holistic care of older adult clients?
a. Older adult care
b. Geriatrics
c. Geropsychiatric nursing
d. Gerontological nursing
d. Gerontological nursing
• Geriatrics = Medical specialty, physician-led. Think: doctors diagnosing, treating, prescribing pills with 40 side effects.
• Gerontological nursing = Nursing specialty, holistic focus. Think: caring for older adults as whole humans, not just walking bundles of symptoms
What would be the best CHN referral for a physically and mentally challenged older adult who wants to continue living with her family but whose family members are all working outside the home?
a. Adult daycare services
b. Home health care
c. Long-term care
d. Older adult centres
a. Adult daycare services
According to the Comprehensive School Health Framework of health promotion, what is the correct definition of primordial prevention?
a. Interventions aimed at education children about health risks.
b. Preventing risk factors of health issues from ever occurring.
c. Screening activities aimed at improving student health.
d. Activities aimed at reducing the health complications associated with disease.
b. Preventing risk factors of health issues from ever occurring.
Primordial prevention is like the overlooked older sibling of the classic three (Primary, Secondary, Tertiary). It’s not in every textbook, but when it shows up, it’s judging everyone for being too late to the party.
Here’s the difference in vibe:
Primordial Prevention:
“Let’s prevent the conditions that cause the risk factors.”
• Stops risk factors from ever developing.
• Think big-picture, long-term societal change.
• Example: Promoting walkable cities, banning junk food marketing to kids, tackling poverty to prevent future heart disease.
Primary Prevention:
“Risk factors exist, let’s stop the disease.”
• Risk factor is already there, but no disease yet.
• Example: Giving statins to someone with high cholesterol, or educating smokers to quit
Which type of prevention is exemplified by the administration of vaccines to promote child and adolescent health?
a. Primary prevention
b. Secondary prevention
c. Tertiary prevention
d. Both primary and secondary prevention
a. Primary prevention
Primary prevention activities are those activities undertaken to prevent a disease or condition from occurring.
What would constitute tertiary prevention by a CHN who wants to promote better health in women with diabetes?
a. Establishing lifestyle improvement programs for women at risk of developing diabetes.
b. Including presentations on lifestyle management at women’s conferences.
c. Monitoring blood glucose levels closely and recommending necessary diet modifications.
d. Screening glucose levels in women at risk for developing diabetes.
c. Monitoring blood glucose levels closely and recommending necessary diet modifications.
Which preventative measure would be included as primary prevention of osteoporosis in women?
a. A diet rich in calcium and vitamin D
b. Exposure to sunlight for 40 minutes a day, recommended as an alternative source of vitamin d.
c. Exercise, especially non-weight bearing activity.
d. Weight control
a. A diet rich in calcium and vitamin D
The second leading cause of cancer deaths in Canadian women is colorectal cancer. What is key to improving long-term survival in women with colorectal cancer?
a. Screening and treatment
b. Primary prevention
c. Providing information and chemotherapy
d. Prevention of infections and smoking cessation
b. Primary prevention
Primary prevention and early detection are keys to surviving colorectal cancer. CHNs can inform women of their risks, the signs and symptoms to be aware of, and screening opportunities in their communities.
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CHNs who work with older adults who have cognitive impairment and their caregivers should be aware of the difference between depression, delirium, and dementia, in older to identify the health concern accurately and intervene accordingly. What description relates specifically to dementia?
a. Dementia is a mood disorder
b. Dementia is acute confusion
c. Dementia means forgetfulness
d. Dementia is progressive intellectual impairment
d. Dementia is progressive intellectual impairment
