Chapter 11 Flashcards
Emotions
mental states or feelings associated with our evaluation of our experiences
Includes physiological reaction, expressive behaviour, and mental experience
Discrete Emotion Theory
People experience a small set of primary emotions that are rooted in biology
Emotions in Animals
- Emotions from other species have uncanny resemblance to human emotions
Cultural Evidence
○ Research shows that people recognize and generate the same emotional expressions across cultures
Primary Emotions (7 of them)
- Happiness
- Disgust
- Fear
- Sadness
- Surprise
- Contempt
- Anger
Secondary emotions
A mixture of primary emotions
Can differ across cultures
Display rules
Cultures differ in their display rules, or societal guidelines for how and when to express emotion
James-Lange Theory
○ Emotions result from our interpretations of our bodily reactions to stimuli
Afraid because we are running away
Cannon-Bard Theory
○ An emotion-provoking event leads simultaneously to an emotional and bodily reaction
Run away and feel fear at the same time
Somatic marker theory
○ Use our “gut reactions” to gauge how we should reaction
Occurs automatically
Two-Factor Theory
○ States that emotions are produced by undifferentiated arousal, with an attribution of that arousal
Emotions are the explanations we make for our arousal
Unconscious Influences on emotions
Many emotional reactions may be generated automatically.
Subliminal exposure (exposure below the level of awareness) to positive or negative cues influence mood
Mere exposure effect
repeated exposure to a stimulus makes us more likely to feel positively towards it
Facial feedback hypothesis
you’re more likely to feel emotions that correspond to your facial expressions, could be due to classical conditioning
Nonverbal Leakage
gives away a persons emotions, even when they are trying to hide it
Illustrators
gestures that highlight speech
Manipulators
gestures where one body part touches another body part
Emblems
gestures that convey conventional meanings recognized by a culture
Proxemics
the study of personal space
Four levels of distance
○ Public( 12 feet or more)
○ Social (4-12 feet)
○ Personal (1.5 - 4 feet)
○ Intimate (0 - 1.5 feet)
When some people lie,illustrators ________ and emblems/manipulators _______
decrease, increase
Pinocchio response
a perfect physiological or behavioural indicator of lying
Guilty knowledge test (GKT)
○ Tests for concealed knowledge of items from the crime scene using questionnaires and physiological measures
Brain Scanning Techniques
Look at brain-wave changes when lying
