Chapter 11

Question 1

Archaic Homo sapiens

Answer 1

A transitional group between Homo erectus and modern Homo sapiens, exhibiting increased brain size and varied anatomical features across regions.

Question 2

Glacial/Interglacial Periods

Answer 2

Alternating cold (glacial) and warm (interglacial) phases during the Pleistocene, impacting sea levels and habitats.

Question 3

Infraorbital Foramina

Answer 3

Openings below the eye sockets; enlarged in Neanderthals, possibly aiding blood flow in cold climates.

Question 4

Neanderthals

Answer 4

A distinct group of Archaic Homo sapiens adapted to cold climates, with unique anatomical and cultural traits.

Question 5

Atapuerca 5

Answer 5

A fossil specimen from Spain exhibiting traits transitional between Homo erectus and modern humans.

Question 6

Dali Cranium

Answer 6

A fossil from China representing Asian Archaic Homo sapiens with robust features.

Question 7

Broken Hill Man

Answer 7

A fossil from Zambia showing a mix of Homo erectus and modern human features.

Question 8

Middle Stone Age (MSA)

Answer 8

A period in Africa (~300,000 to 30,000 years ago) characterized by specific stone tool technologies and early modern human behaviors.

Question 9

Cultural Innovations

Answer 9

Developments such as tool-making, use of fire, and symbolic behavior emerging during the Middle Pleistocene.