Chapter 11

Question 0

Homo erectus fossil that is almost 2 million years old found with Oldowan type tools best illustrates specimens found where?

Answer 0

Africa

Is the continent where Homo erectus originated.

Question 1

Hammerstone

Answer 1

A stone used for striking cores to produce flakes or to break open the bones of large animals in order to extract the marrow. Olduwan tool industry.

Question 2

What is the rational behind the proposal if the species Homo ergaster?

Answer 2

Some scientist believe there are enough differences between early African forms of H.erectus and other forms to propose that H.erectus should be split into two species: Homo erectus and Homo ergaster.

Question 3

Fossils found in Dmanisi in the republic of Georgia are?

Answer 3

The Dmanisi hominins are very similar to early Homo erectus specimens found in Africa.

Question 4

What is a difference between Acheulean tools such as hand axes and cleavers and Oldowen flakes?

Answer 4

Hand axes and cleavers hold a sharp edge longer than flakes.

Question 5

Olduvai Hominid 7 is the type specimen for which species?

Answer 5

Homo habilis

Leakey, Tobias, and Napier named the new species Homo habilis after the Olduvai Hominid 7 fossil.

Question 6

Which region did the earliest fossil evidence for Homo erectus come from?

Answer 6

Kenya

Koobi Fora

Question 7

What best characterizes the Early Stone Age?

Answer 7

The use of both the Oldowan and Acheulean tool industries.

Question 8

Why do some scientists argue that Homo habilis should be split into two separate species?

Answer 8

There is a great amount of variation in brain size among Homo habilis.

Others argue that this size difference is due to sex differences and not a separate species.

Question 9

In which region of the world did H. erectus live most recently?

Answer 9

Southeast Asia

Until about 100,000 years ago.

Question 10

Acheulean

Answer 10

Stone tool industry of the early and middle Pleistocene characterized by the presence of bifacial hand axes and cleavers.

This industry was made by a number of Homo species including H.erectus and H.sapiens

Question 11

Angular totur

Answer 11

A thickened ridge of bone at the posterior angle of the parietal bone.

Question 12

Calotte

Answer 12

The skullcap, or the bones of the skull.

Excluding bones of the face and base of cranium.

Question 13

Calvaria

Answer 13

The braincase.

Included bones of the calotte and those that form the base of the cranium but excludes the bones of the face.

Question 14

Canine fossa

Answer 14

An indentation on the maxilla above the root if the canine. Anatomical feature usually associated with modern humans that may be present in some archaic Homo species in Europe.

Question 15

Cleaver

Answer 15

Acheulean bifacial tool. Oblong with broad cutting edge on one end.

Question 16

Early Stone Age or lower Paleolithic

Answer 16

The earliest stone tool industries including Oldowan and Acheulean industries.

Question 17

Flake

Answer 17

The stone fragment struck from a core. Thought to have been primary tools of Oldowan.

Question 18

Hand axe

Answer 18

Type of Acheulean bifacial tool. Tear drop shaped with long cutting edge.

Question 19

Metopic keel

Answer 19

Longitudinal ridge or thickening of bone along the midline of the frontal bone.

Question 20

Movius line

Answer 20

The separation between areas if the old world in which Acheulean technology occurs and those in which it does not.

Question 21

Oldowan

Answer 21

The tool industry characterized by simple, usually unifacial core and flake tools.

Question 22

Platycnemic

Answer 22

A bone that is flattened from side to side.

Question 23

Platymeric

Answer 23

A bone that is flattened from front to back.

Question 24

Saggital keel

Answer 24

Longitudinal ridge or thickening of bone on the sagittal suture not associated with any muscle attachment.

Question 25

Shovel-shaped incisors

Answer 25

Characteristic H.erectus feature. | Anterior teeth that on the lingual side are concave with two raised edges that make them look like tiny shovels.

Question 26

Superorbital torus

Answer 26

Thickened ridge of bone above the eye orbits of the skull; a brow ridge. Thickening in H.erectus in order to strengthen the braincase as brain size increased.