Chapter 11

Question 1

Geomorphology

Answer 1

The sci of landforms study of their origin evolution form and spatial distribution

Question 2

Denudation

Answer 2

Any process that wears away or rearranged landforms carried out by water air waves or ice

Question 3

Denudation types

Answer 3

Weathering 
Mass mov
Erosion
Transportation 
Deposition

Question 4

Geomorphology threshold

Answer 4

The point at which there is enough energy to overcome the resistance against movement

Question 5

Weathering

Answer 5

The processes by which surface or subsurface rock disintegrates into mineral particles or dissolves in water generation loose material overlying bedrock (regolith)

Question 6

Bed rock

Answer 6

The parent rock from which weathered regolith and soil develop

Question 7

Sediment

Answer 7

Fine grained material created from the regolith combines with other material to form soil

Question 8

Weathering processes depend upon

Answer 8

Character of the bedrock 
Climate
Position of the water table
Orientation of the slope
Vegetation

Question 9

Differential weathering

Answer 9

Uneven breakdown of rock material

Question 10

Physical weathering mechanical

Answer 10

When rock is broken in disintegrated without chemical alteration

Question 11

Root action

Answer 11

Plant roots can enter crevices and break apart rocks

Question 12

Frost action freeze thaw

Answer 12

When water seeps into openings in rocks and eventually breaks open the rock by repeated freezing
Ice has a greater volume than water
Also called Frost wedging

Question 13

Talus slope

Answer 13

Brock fall due to frost action weathering

Question 14

Crystallization

Answer 14

The breakdown of rocks through the precipitating out of minerals from evaporating water in rocks
Salt crystal growth

Question 15

Pressure release jointing

Answer 15

When weight is removed from granite due to erosion the pressure is reduced and the rock expands
Huge slabs can slip off sheeting

Question 16

Pressure release jointing

Exfoliation

Answer 16

When weight is removed from granite due to erosion the pressure is reduced and the rock expands

Question 17

Chemical weathering

Answer 17

The decomposition and decay of the minerals in rock due to chemical alteration of those minerals always in the Presence of water

It inc as temp and precipitation inc

Question 18

Spheriodal weathering

Answer 18

Occurs when water penetrates joints and fractures in rock and dissolves the rocks cementing materials

Question 19

Hydration

Answer 19

Combination with water
Water is absorbed by a mineral it swells and mechanically forces grains apart
Leads to granual disintegration

Question 20

Hydrolysis

Answer 20

When minerals in rocks chemically react with water (breaks down silica) chemical reactions produce different compounds minerals removed in solution

Question 21

Oxidation

Answer 21

When O dissolved in water combines with certain metallic elements to form oxides
Rusting

Question 22

Dissolution

Answer 22

Acid action
When minerals dissolve into a solution

Carbonation- a form of dissolution when carbon combines with water to form carbonic acid which washes away limestone

Question 23

Karst topography

Answer 23

Areas of limestone bedrock that are easily chemically weathered

Question 24

Characteristics of karst topography

Answer 24

A pitted and bumpy surface
Poor surface drainage
Well developed channels underground

Question 25

Required conditions for karst topography

Answer 25

Limestone must contain 80% CaCO3
Must have joints for water to form deputes through it
There must be an aerated zone between the ground surface and water table
Vegetation to supply organic acids

Question 26

Mass movement

Answer 26

All downward mov of material propelled and controlled by gravity

Question 27

4 categories of mass mov

Answer 27

1 falls and avalanches: rock fall and debris avalanche (very rapid)

2 landslides cohesive rapid mov of mass that is not saturated - slower

3 flows (high moisture content) mudflows, pyroclatic flows, debris flow- occur in stream valleys

4 creep: soil creep- persistent mov of surface soil

Question 28

Rockfall creates

Answer 28

Talus slopes

Question 29

Mudflows create

Answer 29

Alluvial fans

Question 30

Soil creep creates

Answer 30

Pistol grip trees