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PSYCH Chapter 10 > Chapter 11 > Flashcards

Chapter 11 Flashcards

1
Q

Developmental Psychology

A

The study of continuity and change across the life span

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2
Q

Zygote

A

A fertilized egg that contains chromosomes from both an egg and a sperm

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3
Q

Germinal Stage

A

The 2 week period of natal development that begins at conception

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4
Q

Embryonic Stage

A

The period of prenatal development that lasts from the 2nd week until about the 8th week

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5
Q

Fetal Stage

A

A period that lasts from about the 9th week after conception until birth
-has a skeleton and muscles that make it capable of movement

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6
Q

Myelination

A

The formation of a fatty sheath around the axons of a neuron
-starts during the fetal stage but does not end until adulthood

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7
Q

Teratogens

A

Any substance that passes from mother to unborn child and impair development

  • mercury in fish
  • lead in water
  • paint dust in air
  • *most common = fetal alcohol syndrome
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8
Q

Fetal Alchohol Syndrome (FAS)

A

A developmental disorder that stems from heavy alcohol use by the mother during pregnancy

  • brain abnormalities
  • cognitive deficits
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9
Q

Infancy

A

The stage of development that begins at birth and lasts between 18 and 24 months

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10
Q

Motor Development

A

The emergence of the ability to execute physical action

-reaching, crawling, walking

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11
Q

Motor Reflexes

A

Specific motor responses that are triggered by specific patterns of sensory stimulation
-sucking reflex -> suck when something approaches their mouth

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12
Q

Cephalocaudal Rule

A

The “top to bottom” rule that describes the tendency for motor skills to emerge in sequence from head to feet

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13
Q

Proximodistal Rule

A

The “inside to outside” rule that describes the tendency for motor skills to emerge in sequence from the center to periphery

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14
Q

Cognitive Development

A

Is the process by which infants and children gain the ability to think and understand

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15
Q

Cognitive Development occurs in 4 discrete stages

A

Sensorimotor stage (Birth - 2)
Preoperational Stage (2-6)
Concrete Operational Stage (6-11)
Formal Operational Stage (11 and up)

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16
Q

Sensorimotor Stage

A

A stage of cognitive development that begins at birth and lasts through infancy, during which infants acquire information about the world by sensing it moving around with it
-use their ability to sense and move to acquire information about the world

17
Q

Schemas

A

Theories about the way the world works

18
Q

Assimilation

A

The process by which infants apply their schemas in novel situations

19
Q

Accommodation

A

The process by which infants revise their schemas in light of new information

20
Q

Object Permanence

A

The fact that objects continue to exist even when they are not visible
-infants DO NOT have a sense of this

21
Q

Childhood

A
  • Period following infancy
  • The stage of development that begins around 18 to 24 months and lasts until adolescence, which begins between 11 and 14 years
22
Q

Preoperational Stage

A

The stage of cognitive development that begins at about 2 years and ends at about 6 years during which children develop a preliminary understanding of the physical world

  • child acquires motor skills but does not understand physical properties
  • DO NOT grasp CONSERVATION
23
Q

Concrete Operational Stage

A

The stage of cognitive development that begins at about 6 years and ends at about 11 years, during which children learn how various actions, or operations can affect or transform concrete objects

  • GRASP CONSERVATION
  • they understand quantity
  • ex) appearence of liquid and volume they understand this
24
Q

Conservation

A

The notion that the quantitative properties of an object are invariant despite changes in the objects appearence

  • preoperational children DO NOT grasp this notion
  • they cannot make the distinction
  • visual illusions for preoperational
  • understanding volume, mass and concepts like these
  • conservation = think of science!
25
Q

Formal Operational Stage

A

The final stage of cognitive development that begin around the age of 11, during which children learn to reason about abstract concepts
-such as freedom and justice

26
Q

Egocentricism

A

The failure to understand that the world appears different to different people

27
Q

Theory of Mind

A

The understanding that the mind produces representations of the world and that these representations guide behavior

28
Q

Attachment

A

The emotional bond that forms between newborns and their primary caregivers

29
Q

Strange Situation

A

A behavior test used to determine and child’s attachment style

30
Q

Temperments

A

Characteristic patterns of emotional reactivity

31
Q

Internal working model of relationships

A

A set of beliefs about the self, the primary caregiver, and the relationship between them

  • Infants with a SECURE attachment style = they ar eceetian the caregiver will respond when they are insecure
  • Infants with an AVOIDANCE attachment style certain primary givers will not respond
  • Infants with an AMBIVILANT attachmnet style are uncertain about whether the caregiver will respond
  • Infants with an with a disorganzied style are confused
32
Q

Preconventional Stage of moral development

A

A stage of moral development in which the morality of an action is primariliy determined by its consequences for the actor

  • punishment/reward
  • seen in children
33
Q

Conventional Stage of moral development

A

A stage of moral development in which the morality of an action is primarily determined by the extent to which it conforms to social rules

  • live up to the expectations of others
  • obey rules
  • elementary school students , older children,adults
34
Q

Post Conventional Stage of moral development

A

A stage of moral development in which the morality of an action is determined by a set of moral principles that reflect core values
-most adults

35
Q

Adolesence

A

The period of development that begins with the onset of sexual maturity (11 - 14) and lasts until the beginning of adulthood (18 - 21)

36
Q

Puberty

A

The onset of bodily changes associated with sexual maturity

37
Q

Primary Sex Characteristics

A

Bodily structures that are directly involved in reproduction
-menstration

38
Q

Secondary Sex Characteristics

A

Bodily structures that change dramatically with sexual maturity but that are not directly involved in reproduction
-boobs become bigger

39
Q

Adulthood

A

The stage of development that begins around 18-21 years old and ends at death

PSYCH Chapter 10 (3 decks)

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