Chapter 11 Flashcards
How do you differentiate Gases from other states?
Shape: Variable Volume: Variable Compressibility: Yes Diffusion: Excellent Kinetic Energy: Lots Potential Energy: Little
How do you differentiate liquids from the other states of matter?
Shape: Variable Volume: Definite Compressibility: No Diffusion: Fair Kinetic Energy: Some Potential Energy: Some
How do you differentiate solids from the other states of matter?
Shape: Definite Volume: Definite Compressibility: No Diffusion: Poor Kinetic Energy: Little Potential Energy: Lots
What does Intramolecular mean?
It means bonding that takes place within a molecule.
What are the four Intramolecular forces (bonding)?
Ionic, Covalent, and Metallic
What is the difference between Ionic and Covalent bonds?
Covalent bonds share electrons and Ionic bonds do not.
What are the Intermolecular forces?
Ion-Dipole, Dipole-Dipole, Dispersion (London), Hydrogen Bonding
What is a dipole?
A dipole is a polar molecule; We need a polar molecule for a dipole.
What are some ways to determine the polarity of a molecule?
Differences in electronegativity (Fluorine is the most electronegative)
Shape: Looking at the symmetry of a molecule; Asymmetrical is the goal.
Fig. 1 on pg. 1 of Chemistry notes, Where does the Cation Na, attach to the NF3 molecule?
The Na will attach to the bottom of the molecule because of the dipole and to one of the Fluorines because they have more electron density.
Fig. 1 on pg. 1 of Chemistry notes, Where does the Anion Iodine, attach to the NF3 molecule?
The Iodine will attach with the N because it is partially positive.
Which way does the dipole go?
Dipoles always go toward the negative.
a) In Fig. 2 on pg. 2 of Chemistry notes, Where does the HCl molecule attach onto the CO molecule?
b) Where does HCl attach to another HCl molecule?
a) The H in HCl will attach to the O on CO because of the dipole of elements.
b) H in HCl will be more attracted to the Cl on the other HCl molecule.
What is Dispersion (London)?
Dispersion Force is weaker and does not last.
If something has a nucleus and electrons it will have dispersion force.
- H+ doesnt have dispersion force because they dont have electrons.
What is Hydrogen bonding?
Hydrogen bonding fits under dipole-dipole category.
A hydrogen bond is a bond between either an F, N or O.
In Fig. 3 on Pg. 2 of Chemistry notes, Where does the H2O attach to another H2O molecule?
the H in one of the H2O molecules will be attracted to the O on the other H2O molecule.
What is an Ion-Dipole force?
When an cation of anion is included in the bonding of an molecule.
How do you determine polarity of a molecule?
If the difference of electronegativity is greater than 0.4, we consider the bond to be polar. If the difference of electronegativity is less that 0.4, the bond is nonpolar.
What are some properties of liquids?
Viscosity
Has surface
Has capillary action
What is viscosity?
Viscosity is the resistance to flow
What are the two capillary actions?
Cohesion and adhesion
What is cohesion?
Two of the same compounds sticking together.
What is adhesion?
Two different compounds sticking together.
What are the phase changes between liquid and solids?
Freezing - going from liquid to solid
Melting - solid to liquid
