Chapter 11

Question 1

Meaning of Pacific Ring of Fire

Answer 1

An area characterised by frequent earthquakes and volcanic eruptions

Question 2

What is the region beneath the earth’s crust that is about 2890 km thick

Answer 2

Mantle

Question 3

The heavier tectonic plate sinks to the mantle and the lighter plate rises above it

Answer 3

Subduction

Question 4

Semi molten rock which tries to escape upward through spaces between plates toward cooler areas on the crust

Answer 4

Magma

Question 5

Opening at the top of a volcano

Answer 5

Crater

Question 6

What is called when magma reaches the crust

Answer 6

Lava

Question 7

Basic parts of a volcano

Answer 7

• fissure
• conduit
• vent
• crater
• flank
• magma chamber or reservoir

Question 8

Underground compartment where the magma is stored

Answer 8

Magma chamber or reservoir

Question 9

Passageway through which magma travels to reach earth’s surface

Answer 9

Conduit

Question 10

Side of a volcano

Answer 10

Flank

Question 11

Elongated fracture or crack on the earths crust from which lava erupts

Answer 11

Fissure

Question 12

Bowl shaped depression at the top of the volcano where the vent is located

Answer 12

Crater

Question 13

Opening where volcanic materials are released

Answer 13

Vent

Question 14

Three types of volcano

Answer 14

Stratovolcano, shield volcano and cinder cone volcano

Question 15

Another word for stratovolcano

Answer 15

Composite cone volcano

Question 16

Forms a larger crater and depression when the volcano explodes

Answer 16

Caldera

Question 17

Formed by highly vicious or thick slow moving lava

Answer 17

Stratovolcano

Question 18

Parts of a stratovolcano

Answer 18

Ash
Ash flow
Lava flow
Sill
Dyke
Lava
Flank eruption 
Vent

Question 19

Vertical crack with solidified or cooled magma

Answer 19

Dyke

Question 20

Pulverised rocks, minerals, volcanic glass

Answer 20

Ash

Question 21

Stream of molten rocks that ooze from an erupting vent

Answer 21

Lava flow

Question 22

Horizontal crack with solidified or cooled magma

Answer 22

Sill

Question 23

Avalanche of hot volcanic ash

Answer 23

Ash flow

Question 24

Parts of a shield volcano

Answer 24

Magma chamber 
Lava flow
Flank eruption 
Summit caldera
Central vent

Question 25

Formed by loose and fluid lava that flows over each other

Answer 25

Shield volcano

Question 26

Conduit for the magma to travel from the magma chamber to the crater

Answer 26

Central vent

Question 27

Cavity at the summit of the volcano

Answer 27

Summit caldera

Question 28

Parts of a cinder cone volcano

Answer 28

``` Ash Summit crater Cinder beds Vent Magma chamber ```

Question 29

Pockets where new ash fall will collect

Answer 29

Cinder bed

Question 30

Bowl shaped opening at the summit of the cone

Answer 30

Summit crater

Question 31

Another term for cinder cone volcano

Answer 31

Scoria cone

Question 32

Is formed by fluid lava that is ejected because of high pressure that builds up in the magma chamber

Answer 32

Cinder cone or scoria cone

Question 33

Are mounds of lava formed after a volcanic eruption

Answer 33

Lava dome

Question 34

These are volcanoes on the ocean floor and are formed through collision of oceanic plates

Answer 34

Submarine volcanoes

Question 35

Is a depression formed at the summit of shield volcanoes

Answer 35

Caldera complex

Question 36

These are volcanoes that are overlain by glaciers

Answer 36

Glacial volcanoes

Question 37

The cloud of ash that comes out of the crater

Answer 37

Ash plume

Question 38

Fluid lava and fire ejected

Answer 38

Hawaiian eruption

Question 39

A thick vicious magma flows around the vent as solid lava and dust are ejected

Answer 39

Vulcanian

Question 40

Most violent and explosive type of eruption

Answer 40

Plinian

Question 41

Featuring continuous ejection of magma and gas

Answer 41

Strombolian