Chapter 11

Question 1

A complex combination of economic,political, and cultural changes that have long been evident but that have accelerated markedly since about 1980s, bringing about a seemingly ever-increasing interconnectedness of people and places.

Answer 1

globalization

Question 2

one of the most important changes that is happening in human geography

Answer 2

globalization

Question 3

considered a guiding principle in human activities;for human geographers, refers to minimizing distances and related movements.

Answer 3

principle of least effort

Question 4

A decrease in the friction of distance between locations as a result of improvements in transportation and communication technologies

Answer 4

time-space convergence

Question 5

1. which canal reduced the distance between Indian and Atlantic Oceans?
2. which canal reduced the distance between Pacific and Atlantic Oceans?

Answer 5

1. Suez canal

2. Panama canal

Question 6

1. which canal reduced the distance between Indian and Atlantic Oceans?
2. which canal reduced the distance between Pacific and Atlantic Oceans?

Answer 6

1. Suez canal

2. Panama canal

Question 7

second-least expensive form of transportation after water?

Answer 7

railway

Question 8

a tax or customs duty imposed on imports from other countries.

Answer 8

tariff

Question 9

like all forms of movement trade is highly vulnerable to the **

Answer 9

friction of distance

Question 10

WTO stands for?

Answer 10

world trade organization

Question 11

5 stages in the process of integration

Answer 11

1. free trade
2. customs union
   3.common market
3. economic union
   5.

Question 12

a large business organization (firm) that operates in two or more countries; examples include Nike,Apple, Toyota, Coca-cola,Samsung; sometimes referred to as a multinational corporation; in many cases the head office is in a more developed country, and its manufacturing/processing facilities are in less developed countries.( they are able to control and command sales on global scale)

Answer 12

transportational corporation (TNC)

*the leading transitional corporation is Walmart (US)

Question 13

direct investment by a government or transitional/multinational corporation in another country, often in the form of a manufacturing or processing point.

Answer 13

foreign direct investment ( FDI )

Question 14

the current tendency of high-wage and high-skill employment opportunities often in the service sector to be located in the more developed world while low-wage and low-skill employment opportunities often in the manufacturing and processing sectors are located in the less developed world.

Answer 14

international division of labour

Question 15

the circumstance in which a person is indifferent to or estranged from nature or the means of production.

Answer 15

alienation

Question 16

the first of three phases of capitalism beginning in the early 18th century; characterized by free market competition and laissez faire economic development.

Answer 16

competitive capitalism

Question 17

the second phase of capitalism beginning after world war II ; increased growth of major corporations and increased state involvement in the economy

Answer 17

organized capitalism

Question 18

the most recent form of capitalism characterised by disorganization and industrial restructing.

Answer 18

disorganized capitalism