Chapter 1.1 - Aerodynamics Review

Question 1

Name four types of Aerofoil?

Answer 1

• Wings.
• Horizontal Stabilisers.
• Vertical Stabilisers.
• Propeller Blade.

Question 2

Define Chord Line?

Answer 2

Imaginary straight line from the leading to trailing edge of a wing.

Question 3

Define Wingspan?

Answer 3

Distance from wingtip to wingtip.

Question 4

Name another word to describe the curvature of a wing?

Answer 4

Camber.

Question 5

An Aerofoil with zero Camber is said to be what?

Answer 5

Symmetrical.

Question 6

The Relative Airflow acts in what direction of the Flight Path?

Answer 6

Opposite.

Question 7

Define Angle of Attack?

Answer 7

The angle between Relative Airflow and Chord Line.

Question 8

Relative Airflow and Angle of Attack are related to what?

Answer 8

Flight Path.

Question 9

Lift acts in what direction to the Relative Airflow?

Answer 9

Perpendicular.

Question 10

Drag acts in what direction to the Relative Airflow?

Answer 10

Same Direction/Parallel.

Question 11

Name two types of Wing Drag?

Answer 11

• Induced.

- Parasite.

Question 12

How is Induced Drag formed?

Answer 12

Through the production of Lift.

Question 13

Name two types of Parasite Drag?

Answer 13

• Form Drag.

- Skin Friction.

Question 14

Name the point on the Chord Line where Total Reaction acts through?

Answer 14

Centre of Pressure.

Question 15

As Angle of Attack is increased, in which direction does the Centre of Pressure move?

Answer 15

Forward.

Question 16

The maximum lift/drag ratio is at an Angle of Attack of how many degrees?

Answer 16

4°.

Question 17

What is the Stalling Angle?

Answer 17

16°.

Question 18

True or False. The Aerofoil Shape has a major effect in the generation of Lift?

Answer 18

True.

Question 19

The (greater/lower) the Camber, the more lift is produced?

Answer 19

Greater.

Question 20

Name a control surface which a Pilot can use to increase the Camber of a wing?

Answer 20

Flaps.

Question 21

Define Thickness of an Aerofoil?

Answer 21

The greatest distance between the upper and lower surfaces of an Aerofoil.

Question 22

The Angle of Attack for maximum Lift is called what?

Answer 22

Stalling Angle.

Question 23

Define Angle of Incidence?

Answer 23

Angle between Chord Line and the Longitudinal Axis.

Question 24

What’s the main difference between Angle of Incidence and Angle of Attack?

Answer 24

Angle of Attack can be altered by the Pilot. Angle of Incidence is fixed by design of the Aircraft.

Question 25

The value of Dynamic Pressure depends on what two factors?

Answer 25

- Speed of Air-Flow. | - Density of the Air.

Question 26

True or False. Lift also depends on Airspeed and Density?

Answer 26

True.

Question 27

For Lift to remain constant, if Angle of Attack is increased, what must happen to the Airspeed?

Answer 27

Decreased.

Question 28

For Lift to remain constant, at low IAS, what must happen to the Angle of Attack?

Answer 28

Increased.

Question 29

What is the Plan Area of a Wing?

Answer 29

Wingspan x Chord.

Question 30

Name five factors which affect Lift Production?

Answer 30

- Aerofoil/Wing Shape. - Wing Area. - Air Density. - Airspeed. - Angle of Attack.

Question 31

What is Total Drag?

Answer 31

Sum of Induced and Parasite Drag.

Question 32

How is Induced Drag created?

Answer 32

From Wingtip Vortices through the production of Lift.

Question 33

True or False. Induced Drag is produced by the Aircraft (2)?

Answer 33

False. Only the Wings when Lift is being generated.

Question 34

What configuration is an Aircraft in to produce High Induced Drag?

Answer 34

High Angles of Attack and Low Airspeeds.

Question 35

True or False. The closer to the Stalling Angle, the higher the Induced Drag?

Answer 35

True.

Question 36

Define Aspect Ratio?

Answer 36

Ratio of the Wing Span and Wing Chord.

Question 37

The amount of Skin Friction depends on what factors (4)?

Answer 37

- Total Surface Area of the Aircraft. - Boundary Layer. - Airspeed. - Density.

Question 38

What determines the size of wake being created behind an Aircraft?

Answer 38

Degree of Streamlining.

Question 39

How can Interference Drag be reduced (3)?

Answer 39

- Wing Fairings. - Wing Fillets. - Streamlining.

Question 40

Parasite Drag (increases/decreases) with increased IAS?

Answer 40

Increases.

Question 41

Induced Drag (increases/decreases) with increased IAS?

Answer 41

Decreases.

Question 42

At (low/high) angles of attack, Induced Drag is highest?

Answer 42

High.

Question 43

At (low/high) angles of attack, Parasite Drag is highest?

Answer 43

Low.

Question 44

True or False. The Minimum Drag Speed is also the speed for Maximum Lift/Drag ratio?

Answer 44

True.

Question 45

True of False. The Maximum Lift/Drag ratio is the same speed for Best Glider Performance?

Answer 45

True.

Question 46

True or False. The speed for Maximum Lift/Drag ratio is the same as Normal Cruise.

Answer 46

False. It’s less.

Question 47

Name three symptoms of an approaching Stall?

Answer 47

- Control Buffet/Shaking. - Sloppy Control Response. - Stall Warning Devices.

Question 48

The Stall Speed depends on what two factors?

Answer 48

- Load Factor. | - Gross Weight.

Question 49

What percentage is used to identify the new Stall Speed at a bank angle of 30°?

Answer 49

+10%.

Question 50

What percentage is used to identify the new Stall Speed at a bank angle of 45°?

Answer 50

+20%.

Question 51

What percentage is used to identify the new Stall Speed at a bank angle of 60°?

Answer 51

+40%.

Question 52

Name three factors that increase the Stall Speed?

Answer 52

- Turbulence. - Load Factor. - Frost and Ice.

Question 53

Name two factors that decrease the Stall Speed?

Answer 53

- Increase in Engine Power (RPM). | - Flaps are lowered.

Question 54

How is a Spin caused?

Answer 54

By an asymmetric Stall (one wing stalls before the other).

Question 55

The Airspeed in a Spin is what?

Answer 55

Low and Constant.

Question 56

How is a Spiral Dive caused?

Answer 56

The wings remain unstalled, but the Airspeed, Rate of Turn and Descent increases,

Question 57

The Airspeed in a Spiral Dive is what?

Answer 57

High and Increasing.

Question 58

How does a Pilot recover from a Spiral Dive (3)?

Answer 58

- Reduce Acceleration by closing the Throttle. - Stop the Roll with Ailerons. - Pull out of Drive.