Chapter 11 - Agriculture

Question 1

primary economic sector

Answer 1

involve the extraction of economically valuable products and resources from the earth

Question 2

primary economic sector; examples

Answer 2

agriculture, ranching, hunting and gathering, fishing, forestry, mining, and quarrying

Question 3

secondary economic sector

Answer 3

involve the processing, assembling, or manufacture of raw materials into products

Question 4

secondary economic sector; examples

Answer 4

manufacture of toys, ships, processed foods, chemicals, and construction

Question 5

tertiary economic sector

Answer 5

service industries that connect producers to consumers and facilitate commerce and trade or help people meet their needs

Question 6

tertiary economic sector; examples

Answer 6

bankers, lawyers, doctors, teachers, nurses, salespeople, clerks, and secretaries

Question 7

Guatemala’s agricultural sector produces 26% of the country’s GDP and employs more than _____% of the labor force.

a) 10
b) 22.7
c) 25
d) 50

Answer 7

d) 50

Question 8

The ratio of percent of labor force to percent of GDP in the agricultural sector of Canada (3% of labor force: 2.3% of GDP) indicates that Canada’s agricultural sector is _____ intensive.

a) labor
b) machine
c) subsistence
d) small scale

Answer 8

b) machine

Question 9

According to Carl Sauer, the earliest plant domestication _____

a) was prompted by scarcity.
b) probably involved planting root crops.
c) was associated with seed crops.
d) was occurred in tropical middle America.

Answer 9

b) probably involved planting root crops.

Question 10

Most scholars believe that seed cultivation (First Agricultural Revolution) occurred in _____

a) Asia.
b) the Fertile Crescent.
c) tropical Africa.
d) the Nile Valley.

Answer 10

b) the Fertile Crescent.

Question 11

According to Spencer & Thomas, each agricultural hearth was associated with a local grouping of plants. For example, taro, yams, and bananas are associated with the ______ hearth.

Answer 11

Southeast Asian

Question 12

Which is NOT an example of a primary economic activity?

a) corn flake production
b) iron ore production
c) lobster fishing
d) forestry

Answer 12

a) corn flake production

Question 13

According to Spencer and Thomas, each agricultural hearth was associated with a local grouping of plants. For example, taro, yams, and bananas are associated with the _____ hearth.

a) Meso-American
b) Southeast Asian
c) Southwest Asian
d) Ethiopia-East African

Answer 13

b) Southeast Asian

Question 14

Often crops are associated with regions other than the one in which they were developed. For example, the “Irish” or “Idaho” potato originated in the Andean Highlands. Corn of the American “Corn Belt” originated in _____

a) West Africa.
b) the Fertile Crescent.
c) Central America.
d) Southeast Asia.

Answer 14

c) Central America

Question 15

14. Goats were domesticated 10,000 years ago in the Zagros Mountain region of _____
    a) Southeast Asia.
    b) North Africa.
    c) the Fertile Crescent.
    d) Greece.

Answer 15

c) the Fertile Crescent.

Question 16

Cattle were domesticated in and came to be an important feature of _____

a) Southeast Asia.
b) Central Asia.
c) South Asia.
d) North Africa.

Answer 16

c) South Asia

Question 17

Of the 148 species of large herbivores (over 100 lbs.) _____ have been domesticated and all of these were domesticated over 4,500 years ago.

a) 75
b) 52
c) 26
d) 14

Answer 17

d) 14

Question 18

17. The source region for the domestication of hemp, eggplants, and mangoes is _____
    a) the upper southeast Asian midland.
    b) eastern India and western Burma.
    c) southwest Asia
    d) Meso-America.

Answer 18

b) eastern India and western Burma

Question 19

A form of tropical subsistence agriculture in which fields are rotated after short periods of crop production is _____

a) subsistence rice cultivation.
b) subsistence wheat cultivation.
c) shifting cultivation.
d) nomadic herding.

Answer 19

c) shifting cultivation.

Question 20

21. Shifting agriculture developed primarily _____
    a) in tropical and subtropical zones.
    b) where soils cleared for farming quickly lose their nutrients.
    c) where traditional farmers had to abandon land after the soil became infertile.
    d) all of the above.

Answer 20

d) all of the above.

Question 21

22. In areas of shifting cultivation the population _____
    a) increases significantly.
    b) cannot have a high density.
    c) must be large enough to provide surplus labor.
    d) never lives in permanent settlements.

Answer 21

b) cannot have a high density.

Question 22

Colonial powers would make subsistence farmers _____

a) grow cash crops only.
b) farm on plantations in addition to farming their own land.
c) grow cash crops in addition to food crops the farmer needed to survive.
d) buy commercial fertilizer at fixed prices.

Answer 22

c) grow cash crops in addition to food crops the farmer needed to survive.

Question 23

64

Answer 23

C

Question 24

The Second Agricultural Revolution can generally be traced to Europe within what time frame?

a) nineteenth and twentieth century.
b) twelfth and thirteenth century
c) fourteenth and fifteenth century
d) seventeenth and eighteenth century

Answer 24

d) seventeenth and eighteenth century

Question 25

_____ have changed as rural residents cope with shifting economic, political, and environmental conditions. a) Land-use patterns b) Land ownership arrangements c) Agricultural labor conditions d) All of the above

Answer 25

d) All of the above

Question 26

26. Which commodity would be found closest to the market town in von Thunen's model? a) beef b) firewood c) wheat d) milk

Answer 26

d) milk

Question 27

27. In von Thunen's model there was a concentric circle of forest around the city because _____ a) it would provide lumber and firewood. b) it would filter out pollution. c) it provided a recreation area. d) it would contain the growth of the city.

Answer 27

a) it would provide lumber and firewood.

Question 28

29. By 1992, the most widely grown crop variety on Earth was a product of the Green Revolution called IR36, which was a variety of _____ a) rice. b) wheat. c) maize. d) potatoes.

Answer 28

a) rice.

Question 29

30. In the 1940s, American philanthropists funded research on this crop. By 1960, Mexico no longer depended on imports as production had risen dramatically. The crop is: _____ a) coffee. b) corn (maize). c) wheat. d) tomatoes.

Answer 29

b) corn (maize).

Question 30

32. The rectangular land division scheme in the United States adopted after the American Revolution is quite unique. Its correct name is: _____ a) long-lot system. b) metes and bounds system. c) township-and-range system. d) Franklin's system.

Answer 30

c) township-and-range system.

Question 31

33. The basic unit of the township-and-range system, the section, has an area of _____ a) 1 acre. b) 160 acres. c) 1 square mile. d) 36 square miles.

Answer 31

c) 1 square mile.

Question 32

34. The township-and-range system is to the American Plains as the long-lot survey system is to _____ a) French America. b) Japan. c) Germany. d) South Africa.

Answer 32

a) French America.

Question 33

36. The form of villages still existing in many rural landscapes that are reminders of a turbulent past is _____ a) walled. b) linear. c) round. d) grid.

Answer 33

36. The form of villages still existing in many rural landscapes that are reminders of a turbulent past is _____ a) walled. b) linear. c) round. d) grid.

Question 34

38. According to Koppen-Geiger climate classification, the UK has a _____ a) humid cold climate with no dry season. b) humid temperature climate with no dry season and a cool summer. c) humid temperature climate with a dry winter. d) humid temperature climate with a dry summer.

Answer 34

b) humid temperature climate with no dry season and a cool summer.

Question 35

40. Mediterranean agriculture is found in _____ a) eastern Spain, northern Italy, and northern Egypt. b) eastern Italy, Greece, northern Tunisia, and eastern Brazil. c) southern coastal California, central Chile, and Italy. d) along the northern shore of the Mediterranean and northern Egypt.

Answer 35

c) southern coastal California, central Chile, and Italy.

Question 36

41. Examples of luxury crops include: _____ a) wheat and sugar. b) coffee and tobacco. c) cacao and corn. d) tobacco and potatoes.

Answer 36

b) coffee and tobacco.

Question 37

42. In villages everywhere, social stratification is reflected by _____ a) the dress of the population b) the street pattern. c) the range and quality of village houses. d) commercial buildings.

Answer 37

c) the range and quality of village houses.

Question 38

44. Poorer countries, producing such cash crops as sugar, _____ a) set the market price themselves. b) are at the mercy of the purchasing countries that set the prices. c) plant less in order to drive up the prices. d) cooperate with each other in order to determine global prices and demand.

Answer 38

b) are at the mercy of the purchasing countries that set the prices.

Question 39

45. Twenty-five percent of world sugar production takes place outside of the tropical plantation region (U.S.A., Western Europe, Russia) and is produced from _____ a) genetically-modified, cold-tolerant sugar cane. b) sugar beets. c) wood cellulose. d) artificial food chemical processes.

Answer 39

b) sugar beets.

Question 40

49. Coffee was domesticated in Ethiopia. Today, 70% of production is in _____ a) Southeast Asia. b) South Asia. c) East Africa. d) Middle and South America.

Answer 40

d) Middle and South America.

Question 41

50. Coffee growers certified as Fair Trade producers have the following characteristics: a) they form democratically run cooperatives b) they are guaranteed a higher price for their coffee c) they are connected to fair trade certified producer organizations worldwide d) all of the above

Answer 41

d) all of the above

Question 42

Retailers who are certified Fair Traders return up to __ percent of the retail price of an item to the producer.

Answer 42

40

Question 43

51. Which of the following agricultural activities is widespread in the northwestern U.S. and northwestern Europe? a) dairying b) cotton growing c) citrus protection d) sugar beet production

Answer 43

a) dairying

Question 44

52. Which of the following fairly small areas of wheat production still have major export trade? a) Canada and United States b) Ukraine and Kazakhstan c) Russia and Canada d) Argentina and Australia

Answer 44

d) Argentina and Australia

Question 45

world's leading exporter of rice

Answer 45

United States

Question 46

rice cultivation in Southeast Asia is largely

Answer 46

labor-intensive and subsistence agriculture

Question 47

form of agriculture that relates to climate

Answer 47

Mediterranean