Chapter 11 Agriculture Vocab Flashcards Preview

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Flashcards in Chapter 11 Agriculture Vocab Deck (38)
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0
Q

Any plant gathered from the field is a harvest during a particular season

A

Crop

1
Q

The deliberate effort to modify a portion of earths surface to the cultivation of crops in the raising of livestock for sustenance gain

A

Agriculture

2
Q

The time when human beings first domesticated plants and animals and no longer relied entirely on hunting and gathering

A

Agricultural revolution

3
Q

Plants become adapted to humans in their environment

A

Plant domestication

4
Q

Animals become adapted to humans and their environment

A

Animal domestication

5
Q

Agriculture undertaken primarily to generate products for sale off the farm

A

Commercial agriculture

6
Q

Agriculture designed primarily to provide food for direct consumption by the farmer and the farmers family

A

Subsistence agriculture

7
Q

A grass that yield screen for food

A

Cereal

8
Q

The amount of food that in individual consumes, measured in kilocalories

A

Dietary energy consumption

9
Q

Physical, social, and economic access at all times to safe and nutritious food sufficient to meet dietary needs and food preferences for an active and healthy life

A

Food security

10
Q

A form of subsistence agriculture based on herding domesticated animals

A

Pastoral nomadism

11
Q

The seasonal migration of livestock between mountains and lowland pastures

A

Transhumance

12
Q

Grass or other plants grown for feeding grazing animals, as well as land use for grazing

A

Pasture

13
Q

Another name for shifting cultivation, so named because fields are cleared by slashing the vegetation and burning the debris

A

Slash and burn agriculture

14
Q

A form of subsistence agriculture in which people shift activity from one field to another; each field is used for crops for a relatively few years and left follow for a relatively long period

A

Shifting cultivation

15
Q

A patch of land cleared for planting through slashing and burning

A

Swidden

16
Q

A form of subsistence agriculture in which farmers must expend a relatively large amount of effort to produce the maximum feasible yield from a parcel of land

A

Intensive subsistence agriculture

17
Q

Rice planted on dryland in a nursery and then moved to a deliberately flooded field to promote growth

A

Wet rice

18
Q

A flooded field for growing rice

A

Sawah (paddy)

19
Q

Harvesting twice a year from the same field

A

Double cropping

20
Q

The practice of rotating use of different fields from crop to crop each year to avoid exhausting the soil

A

Crop rotation

21
Q

A large farm in tropical and subtropical climates that specializes in the production of one or two crops for sale, usually to a more developed country

A

Plantation

22
Q

Commercial agriculture characterized by the integration of different steps in the food processing industry, usually through ownership by large corporations

A

Agribusiness

23
Q

Commercial gardening and fruit farming, so named because truck was a middle English word meaning bartering or exchange of commodities

A

Truck farming

24
Q

The area surrounding a city from which milk is supplied

A

Milkshed

25
Q

Higher units of labor per square land area

A

Intensive agriculture

26
Q

Small inputs of labor per square land area

A

Extensive agriculture

27
Q

We planted in the autumn and harvested in the early summer

A

Winter wheat

28
Q

We planted in the spring and harvested in the late summer

A

Spring wheat

29
Q

A machine that cuts cereal grain standing in a field

A

Reaper

30
Q

A machine that reaps,threshes, and cleans grain while moving over a field

A

Combine

31
Q

The growing of fruits, vegetables, and flowers

A

Horticulture

32
Q

A form of commercial agriculture in which livestock graze over an extensive area

A

Ranching

33
Q

Degradation of land, especially in semiarid areas, primarily because of human actions such as extensive crop planting, animal grazing, and tree cutting. Also known as semiarid land degradation

A

Desertification

34
Q

The most productive farmland

A

Prime agricultural land

35
Q

The cultivation of seafood under controlled conditions

A

Aquaculture (aquacarming)

36
Q

Rapid diffusion of new agricultural technologies, especially new high-yield seeds and fertilizers

A

Green Revolution

37
Q

Farming methods that preserve long term productivity of land and minimize pollution, typically by rotating soil restoring crops with cash crops and reducing inputs of fertilizer and pesticides

A

Sustainable agriculture