Chapter 11 - Basic concepts of organic chemistry

Question 1

Define functional group

Answer 1

A group of atoms responsible for the characteristic reactions of a compound

Question 2

Define homologous series

Answer 2

A series of organic compounds with the same functional group where each successive member differs by CH2

Question 3

not a required definition

What is a hydrocarbon?

Answer 3

A compound containing only hydrogen and carbon atoms

Question 4

not a required definition

What is aliphatic?

Answer 4

A hydrocarbon with the carbon atoms joined in straight chains, branched chains or non-aromatic rings

Question 5

not a required definition

What is alicyclic?

Answer 5

An aliphatic compound with non-aromatic rings (with or without side chains)

Question 6

not a required definition

What is aromatic hydrocarbon

Answer 6

An unsaturated hydrocarbon containing a benzene ring

Question 7

saturated vs unsaturated

Answer 7

• saturated = single cabon-carbon bond
• unsaturated = double/triple carbon-carbon bonds or aromatic rings

Question 8

Alkyl group name and formula

Answer 8

-yl eg: methyl
nC + 2n+1H eg: CH3 (one less than the alkane (eg: CH4)

Question 9

alicylic alkanes stem

Answer 9

cyclo-

Question 10

alkene functional group and suffix

Answer 10

C=C
-ene

Question 11

Alcohol functional group, prefix and suffix

Answer 11

-OH
hydroxy-
-ol

Question 12

Haloalkanes function group and prefix

Answer 12

-Cl -Br -I
chloro- bromo- iodo-

Question 13

aldehyde functional group and suffix

Answer 13

-COH
-al

Question 14

ketone functional group and suffix

Answer 14

-C(CO)C-
-one

Question 15

carboxylic acid functional group and suffix

Answer 15

-COOH
-oic acid

Question 16

ester functional group and suffix

Answer 16

-COOC-
-oate

Question 17

acyl chloride functional group and suffix

Answer 17

-COCl
-oyl chloride

Question 18

amine functional group, prefix and suffix

Answer 18

-NH2
amino-
-amine

Question 19

nitrile functional group and suffix

Answer 19

-CN
-nitrile

Question 20

What is an addition reaction

Answer 20

when 2 reactants join to make 1 product

Question 21

What is a substitution reaction

Answer 21

an atom or group of atoms is replaced by a different atom or group of atoms

Question 22

What are structural Isomers?

Answer 22

compounds with the same molecular formula but different structural formulae, they can have the same or different function groups.

Question 23

what are the 2 types of fission?

Answer 23

Homolytic and Heterolytic

Question 24

Homolytic fisson

Answer 24

each of the bonded atoms take 1 of the shared pair of electrons from the bond

• each atom now has a single unpaired electron (radical)

Question 25

Heterolytic fission

Answer 25

1 of the bonded atoms takes both of the shared pair of electrons - this atom is now a negative ion - the other atom is a positive ion

Question 26

Define radical

Answer 26

An atom or group of atoms with an unpaired electron.

Question 27

What is a Elimination reaction

Answer 27

the removal of a small molecule from a larger one. - 1 reactant -> 2 products