Chapter 11 - Basic concepts of organic chemistry

Question 1

What is a homologous series?

Answer 1

A family of compounds with similar chemical properties whose successive members differ by the addition of a CH2 group

Question 2

What is a functional group?

Answer 2

the part of the organic molecule that is largely responsible for the molecules chemical properties

Question 3

What are aliphatic hydrocarbons?

Answer 3

carbon atoms joined together to each other in unbranched or branched chains

Question 4

What are alicyclic hydrocarbons?

Answer 4

Carbon atoms joined to each other in ring structures

Question 5

What are aromatic hydrocarbons?

Answer 5

Some or all of the carbon atoms are found in a benzene ring

Question 6

what are the first four alkanes?

Answer 6

methane, ethane, propane and butane

Question 7

What prefix do alicyclic alkanes have?

Answer 7

cyclo

Question 8

What functional group has a c to c double bond?

Answer 8

alkene

Question 9

What functional group has an OH?

Answer 9

Alcohol

Question 10

What functional group has -Cl, -Br and -I ?

Answer 10

Haloalkane

Question 11

What functional group has - CHO?

Answer 11

Aldehyde

Question 12

What functional group has -C(CO)C- ?

Answer 12

Ketone

Question 13

What functional group has -COOH ?

Answer 13

Carboxylic acid

Question 14

What functional group has a -COOC- ?

Answer 14

ester

Question 15

What functional group has -COCl ?

Answer 15

acyl chloride

Question 16

What functional group has a -NH2 ?

Answer 16

amine

Question 17

What functional group has a -CN?

Answer 17

nitrile

Question 18

what is the prefix for alcohols?

Answer 18

hydroxy-

Question 19

What is the prefix for haloalkanes?

Answer 19

chloro- bromo- iodo-

Question 20

What is the prefix for amine?

Answer 20

amino-

Question 21

what is the suffix for alkenes?

Answer 21

-ene

Question 22

what is the suffix for alcohols?

Answer 22

-ol

Question 23

what is the suffix for an aldehyde?

Answer 23

-al

Question 24

what is the suffix for a ketone?

Answer 24

-one

Question 25

what is the suffix for carboxylic acids?

Answer 25

-oic acid

Question 26

what is the suffix for an ester?

Answer 26

-oate

Question 27

what is the suffix for an acyl chloride?

Answer 27

-oyl chloride

Question 28

what is the suffix for an amine?

Answer 28

-amine

Question 29

what is the suffix for a nitrile?

Answer 29

-nitrile

Question 30

What is molecular formula?

Answer 30

Shows the number and type of atoms of each element present in a molecule

Question 31

what is empirical formulae?

Answer 31

The simplest whole number ratio of the atoms of each element present in a compound

Question 32

What is general formulae?

Answer 32

simplest algebraic formula for any member of a homogolous series

Question 33

What is a displayed formula?

Answer 33

shows the relative positioning of all of the atoms in a molecule and the bonds between them

Question 34

What is structural formulae?

Answer 34

used the smallest amount of detail necessary to show the arrangement of the atoms in a molecule

Question 35

what is skeletal formulae?

Answer 35

shows the carbon skeleton and any functional groups

Question 36

What are structural isomerisms?

Answer 36

Compounds with the same molecular formula but different structural formulae

Question 37

what are the two ways covalent bonds can be broken?

Answer 37

homolytic fission and heterolytic fission

Question 38

what happens during homolytic fission?

Answer 38

each of the bonded atoms takes one of the shared pair of electrons from the bond

Question 39

what type of atom is a result of homolytic fission?

Answer 39

a radical

Question 40

what happens during heterolytic fission?

Answer 40

one of the bonded atoms takes both of the electrons from the bond

Question 41

what is the result of heterolytic fission?

Answer 41

a negative and a positive ion

Question 42

what do curly arrows show in a reaction mechanism?

Answer 42

the movement of electron pairs when bonds are being broken or made

Question 43

what is addition?

Answer 43

when two reactants join together to form one product

Question 44

what is substitution?

Answer 44

when an atom or group of atoms is replaced by a different atom or group of atoms

Question 45

what is elimination?

Answer 45

involves the removal of a small molecule from a larger one. one reactant molecule forms two products