Chapter 11 - Basic Concepts Of Organic Chemistry

Question 1

Functional Group

Answer 1

A part of an organic molecule that’s largely responsible for the molecule’s chemical properties

Question 2

Organic Chemistry

Answer 2

Branch of chemistry that deals with carbon compounds

Question 3

Hydrocarbons

Answer 3

molecules that consist of only hydrogen and carbon atoms

Question 4

Homologous series

Answer 4

A family of compounds with similar chemical properties whose successive members differ by a CH₂

Question 5

saturated

Answer 5

molecules contain single bonds only

Question 6

unsaturated

Answer 6

molecules with at least one double/triple bond

Question 7

aliphatic

Answer 7

Carbon atoms joined to each other in unbranched (straight) or branched chains or non-aromatic rings

Question 8

alicyclic

Answer 8

sub-section of aliphatic
Carbon atoms joined together in a ring structure with/without branches

Question 9

aromatic

Answer 9

any carbon atom with a benzene ring

Question 10

alkane

Answer 10

contain single bond
C_nH_2n+2

Question 11

alkene

Answer 11

contain double bond
C_nH_2n

Question 12

alkyne

Answer 12

contain triple bond

Question 13

INCREASING PRIORITY

Answer 13

CHECK NOTES

Question 14

naming multiple functional groups

Answer 14

• alphabetical order
• smallest amount of numbers

Question 15

aldehyde functional group

Answer 15

Carbon oxygen double bond at molecule end
-al

Question 16

ketone

Answer 16

Carbon oxygen double bond in molecule
-one
C_nH_2nO

Question 17

ester

Answer 17

Carbon oxygen double bond and single bond
-oate

Question 18

acyl chloride

Answer 18

Carbon oxygen double bond and single bond to -Cl
-oyl chloride

Question 19

amine

Answer 19

-NH₂
-amine

Question 20

nitrile

Answer 20

C-N triple bond
-nitrile

Question 21

Alcohol

Answer 21

-OH bond
-ol
C_nH_2n+1OH

Question 22

Carboxylic acid

Answer 22

-COOH bond
- at end of atom
-oic acid
C_nH_2nO_2n

Question 23

Haloalkane

Answer 23

-floro
-chloro
-bromo
-iodo
C_nH_2n+1X
X=halogen

Question 24

Molecular Formula

Answer 24

• shows no. & type of atom of each element in a molecule
• doesn’t show how atoms are joined

Question 25

Emperical Formula

Answer 25

Simplest whole no. ratio of atoms in a molecule

Question 26

General Formula

Answer 26

simplest algebraic form for a member of a homologous series

Question 27

displayed formula

Answer 27

shows relative positioning of all atoms and bonds in a molecule

Question 28

structural formula

Answer 28

smallest amount of detail to show arrangement

Question 29

skeletal formula

Answer 29

simplified version

Question 30

structural isomerism

Answer 30

compounds with same molecular formula but different molecular formulae

Question 31

addition reaction

Answer 31

2 reactants join to form one product

Question 32

substitution reaction

Answer 32

an atom/group of atoms is replaced by a different atom/or groups of atoms

Question 33

elimination reaction

Answer 33

the removal of a small molecule from a larger one

Question 34

Homolytic fission

Answer 34

- each of the bonded atom takes one of the shared pair of electrons in a bond - forms radicals - half-headed arrows

Question 35

Hetrolytic fission

Answer 35

- one bonded atom takes both electrons in a bond - forms ions - full arrows