Chapter 11-Basic concepts of organic chemistry Flashcards
(45 cards)
What is organic chemistry?
The chemistry of carbon compounds
What is a functional group?
A group of atoms that are responsible for the characteristic reaction of a compound
What do functional groups determine?
The physical and chemical properties of molecules
What is a homologous series?
A group of organic compounds that have the same functional group but each successive member differs by CH₂
What do elements in the same functional group have?
Same general formula, similar chemical properties, show gradual changes in physical properties?
What does aliphatic mean?
Carbon atoms arranged in straight or branched chains
What does alicyclic mean?
Carbon atoms joined in rings that may have branches
What does aromatic mean?
A compound containing a benzene ring ⌬
What saturated?
A compound only contaning carbon-carbon single bonds
What is unsaturated?
A carbon compound containing 1 or more carbon-carbon double or triple bonds
What does a general formula include?
The number of carbons and hydrogens in terms of n’s
What does a displayed formula include?
All hydrogen and carbons drawn out in a molecule
What does a structural formula show?
It is like the molecular formula but shows all the atoms in the compound in order (brackets () go around branches)
What does the skeletal formula include?
Points (carbons) joined together by lines (carbon bonds) and functional groups-hydrogens not in functional groups are omitted
What are the first 10 prefixes for carbon chain lengths?
- Meth
- Eth
- Prop
- But
- Pent
- Hex
- Hept
- Oct
- Non
- Dec
What functional group represents a branch off the carbon chain?
Alkyl
How are branched hydrocarbons named?
- Find longest carbon chain
- Name the branches before the carbon chain with their number before hand (separate numbers with commas)
What are the prefixes to use when there are multiple of the same carbon chain coming off the same carbon atom?
- di
- tri
- tetra
What is the prefix of cyclic alkanes?
Cyclo
What is the prefix for different haloalkanes?
- Fl-Flouro
- Cl-Chloro
- Br-Bromo
- I-Iodo
How do you name alkenes?
- Find the longest carbon chain with a double bond
- The double bond gets the lowest no.
- The number is between the root and suffix e.g. pent-2-ene
What is the functional group and prefix/suffix for Alkenes?
- C=C
- Suffix-ene
What is the functional group and prefix/suffix for Alcohols?
- -OH
- Prefix-hydroxy
- Suffix-ol *
What is the functional group and prefix/suffix for Haloalkanes?
- C-Halogen
- Prefix-e.g. chloro
