Chapter 11: Coastal Hazards Flashcards
(24 cards)
Which does not affect coastal topography?
A) Plate tectonics
B) Population
C) Glaciers
D) Climate
E) Offshore coral reefs
B) population
Which is a serious coastal hazard?
A) Storm surge
B) Tsunamis
C) All of these are serious coastal hazards
D) Strong coastal currents
E) Coastal erosion
B) tsunamis
The size of waves in the ocean or on a lake depend on
A) the speed and duration of the wind and length of the fetch.
B) the speed of the wind, distance from shore, and length of the
fetch.
C) the direction and duration of the wind, and distance from
shore.
D) the direction and speed of the wind and distance from shore.
E) the direction and duration of the wind and length of the fetch.
A) the speed and duration of the wind and length of the fetch
Which does not describe the size and movement of a wave?
A) Wavelength
B) All these describe the size and movement of a wave
C) Wave period
D) Swell
E) Wave height
D) swell
If you were watching waves from the shore and started counting the seconds between one crest to the next, what would you be measuring?
A) Wave height
B) Wavelength
C) Wave period
D) Wave energy
E) Wave speed
C) wave period
If you placed a small boat in waves in the open ocean (not near the shoreline) what would the motion of the boat be?
A) Circular pattern, slowly moving out to sea
B) Up and down, slowly moving out to sea
C) Up and down, slowly moving towards shoreline
D) Circular pattern, slowly moving towards the shoreline
E) Circular pattern, staying mostly in the same place
E) circular pattern, staying mostly in the same place
The figure demonstrates the process of wave
A) breaking.
B) refraction.
C) swells.
D) plunging.
E) spilling.
B) refraction
The parallel transport of sediment by ocean currents is referred to as
A) sand drift.
B) beach drift.
C) longshore drift.
D) updrift.
E) downdrift.
C) longshore drift
Changes in air temperature can affect the global sea level through
A) melting ice on land.
B) thermal contraction.
C) thermal expansion.
D) All of these are ways the air temperature can affect the global sea level.
E) increasing snowfall.
D) all of these are ways the air temperature can affect the global sea level
Rapid changes in relative seal level can contribute to hazards from
A) storm surge.
B) It can contribute to all of these.
C) coastal flooding.
D) coastal erosion.
E) offshore currents.
C) coastal flooding
Which of these areas is not at risk for coastal hazards?
E) Colorado River
B) Hawaii
C) Canadian provinces bordering the Great Lakes
D) Great Salt Lake
E) Gulf coast of U.S.
A) Colorado River
The figure shows an example of
A) hurricane paths that caused erosion on the barrier island.
B) rip current patterns off the barrier island.
C) continual change and relocation of a barrier island.
D) longshore currents for littoral transport of the barrier island.
E) oil spill movement around the barrier island.
C) continual change and relocation of a barrier island
Why is a rip current so dangerous?
A) It can pull swimmers under the water
B) There is no distinguishing characteristics to identify it
C) It is a very wide area that is hard to avoid
D) It pulls swimmers out to sea in the fast current
E) It is a dangerous tide called a riptide
D) it pulls swimmers out to sea in the fast current
What is the purpose of a beach budget?
A) Keep track of the guests
B) Visualize erosion at a particular beach
C) Map the rip currents
D) Create funds for restoration
E) Build funds for coastal hazard prevention
B) visualize erosion at a particular beach
Which is not a human activity that increases the erosion of
sea cliffs and lakeshore bluffs?
A) High waves hitting the cliff/bluff
B) Increased runoff from urbanization
C) Building a wall on top of the cliff/bluff
D) Building a swimming pool on the cliff/bluff
E) Watering a lawn on top of the cliff/bluff
A) high waves hitting the cliff/bluff
After an oil spill, what is needed to predict the movement of the oil along the beaches and in salt marshes?
A) The effects of the oil on life on beaches and salt marshes
B) Direction and rate of longshore transport
C) Wave height and frequency
D) How far inland tidal flow inundates salt marshes
E) All of these are needed to predict the movement
E) all of these are needed to predict the movement
Which is not a linkage between coastal processes and other natural hazards?
A) Erosion from hurricanes
B) Landslides from water erosion
C) Earthquakes change the shape of the coastline
D) Subduction zones created from coastal erosion
E) Tsunamis change the shape of the coastline
D) subduction zones created from coastal erosion
What is a natural service function of coastal processes?
A) Remove houses that are too close to the water.
B) Form beaches from coastal erosion.
C) Create rip currents to discourage water activities in a dangerous area.
D) Damage coastal areas so that further development will not take place.
E) None of these are natural service functions.
B) form beaches from coastal erosion
Which is not a way human interference with natural shore processes has caused considerable coastal erosion?
A) Destruction of coastal dunes for building sites
B) Altering barrier islands by human use
C) Building coastal engineering structures
D) Building seawalls to protect property
E) Improperly attaching building materials
E) improperly attaching building materials
Which is not a way to minimize the effects of coastal hazards?
A) Build groins
B) Beach nourishment
C) Replace vegetation with sand
D) Build seawalls
E) Build breakwaters and jetties
C) replace vegetation with sand
Why may seawalls not be the best way to minimize the effect of coastal hazards?
A) They only work well at the base of cliffs.
B) All of these are reason they may not be the best to minimize coastal hazard effect.
C) They help with beach preservation.
D) They generally cause environmental and aesthetic degradation.
E) They cost more than any other structure.
D) they generally cause environmental and aesthetic degradation
Which of the following is a form of soft stabilization?
A) Beach nourishment
B) Jetties
C) Breakwaters
D) Seawalls
E) Groins
A) beach nourishment
What is the best adjustment for shorelines with strong currents?
A) Mitigate strong currents
B) Harden the shoreline
C) Develop on vegetated coastal areas
D) Education about the hazards
E) All of the answers are equally effective.
C) develop on vegetated coastal areas
Which is a principle of coastal zone development?
A) Any shoreline construction causes change.
B) All of these are principles of coastal zone development.
C) Stabilization of the coastal zone through engineering structures protects property, not the beach itself.
D) Coastal erosion is a natural process rather than a natural hazard.
E) Engineering structures designed to protect a beach may eventually destroy it.
B) all of these are principles of coastal zone development
