chapter 11 communicable diseases

Question 1

epidemiologic triangle of communicable diseases

Answer 1

-environment
-host
-agent

Question 2

epidemiology triangle: bacteria, fungi, parasites & viruses

Answer 2

agent

Question 3

epidemiology triangle: Ability to enter & multiply in the host

Answer 3

infectivity

Question 4

epidemiology triangle: Ability to produce a clinical reaction after infection

Answer 4

pathogenicity

Question 5

epidemiology triangle: Ability to produce a severe reaction

Answer 5

virulence

Question 6

epidemiology triangle: Ability to produce a poisonous reaction

Answer 6

toxicity

Question 7

epidemiology triangle: Ability to penetrate & spread in tissue

Answer 7

invasiveness

Question 8

epidemiology triangle: Ability to stimulate an immune response

Answer 8

antigenicity

Question 9

epidemiology triangle: human or animal

Answer 9

host

Question 10

epidemiology triangle: Ability to withstand infection

Answer 10

resistance

Question 11

type of resistance: species dependent, innate resistance

Answer 11

natural immunity

Question 12

type of resistance: resistance acquired by a result of previous natural exposure to agent

Answer 12

acquired immunity

Question 13

type of acquired immunity: administration of an antigen & antibodies are produced
(having infectious agent or vaccine)

Answer 13

active immunization

Question 14

type of acquired immunity: administration of antibodies from an immunized person
(immunoglobulin or antiserum)

Answer 14

passive immunization

Question 15

measure of the potential ability of an
infected host to spread the infection to other hosts

Answer 15

infectiousness

Question 16

4 modes of transmission

Answer 16

-vertical
-horizontal
-common vehicle
-vector

Question 17

mode of transmission: passed
from parent to offspring through sperm, placenta, milk, or contact in vaginal canal at birth

Answer 17

vertical

Question 18

mode of transmission: person-to-person (STDs, pinworms, etc)

Answer 18

horizontal

Question 19

mode of transmission: transportation of an agent to a host via food, water, blood,
saliva etc

Answer 19

common vehicle

Question 20

mode of transmission: arthropods
(mosquitos, ticks) or other
invertebrates that carry disease

Answer 20

vectors

Question 21

4 steps disease development

Answer 21

-infection
-disease
-incubation
-communicable

Question 22

disease development: entry, development, and multiplication of infectious agent

Answer 22

infection

Question 23

disease development: a pathologic reaction to the infectious agent

Answer 23

disease

Question 24

disease development: time between infection
& appearance of signs & symptoms of
disease

Answer 24

incubation period

Question 25

disease development: Interval between with an infectious agent may be transferred between the infected individual and another host

Answer 25

communicable period

Question 26

Gathering information on who, what, when, where

Answer 26

surveillance

Question 27

primary prevention for infectious disease

Answer 27

vaccines education

Question 28

secondary prevention for infectious disease

Answer 28

contact tracing prophylaxis screening

Question 29

tertiary prevention for infectious disease

Answer 29

treat rehabilitate

Question 30

2 top agents bioterrorism

Answer 30

anthrax smallpox

Question 31

agent of bioterrorism: -found in soil -infected by contact -7 day incubation period -Tx: Abx

Answer 31

anthrax

Question 32

agent of bioterrorism: -only in labs -S+S: fever, body aches, rash starts on tongue and spreads to body

Answer 32

smallpox

Question 33

4 vaccine preventable diseases

Answer 33

-measles -rubella -pertussis -influenza

Question 34

who is most at risk for rubella

Answer 34

pregnant women

Question 35

who is most at risk for pertussis

Answer 35

infants

Question 36

2 top foodborne pathogens

Answer 36

-salmonella -e coli

Question 37

foodborne pathogen: -shed in feces and spread through contaminated food (lettuce, peanut butter, undercooked meat, eggs) -symptoms 48 hours after ingestion

Answer 37

salmonellosis

Question 38

foodborne pathogen: -contaminated water or food -can be spread person to person -causes hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS), kids especially at risk

Answer 38

e coli

Question 39

2 tick borne diseases

Answer 39

lyme disease rocky mountain fever

Question 40

constant presence of a disease within a geographic area or a population

Answer 40

endemic

Question 41

occurrence of a disease in a community or region in excess of normal expectancy

Answer 41

epidemic

Question 42

epidemic that occurs worldwide and affects large populations

Answer 42

pandemic

Question 43

to remove a disease from a large geographic area such as a country or region of the world

Answer 43

elimination

Question 44

to remove a disease worldwide by ending all transmission of infection through the complete extermination of the infectious agent

Answer 44

eradication