Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Microbiology 1073 > Chapter 11 diseases of upper and lower respiratory system > Flashcards

Chapter 11 diseases of upper and lower respiratory system Flashcards

(54 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

The movement of mucus from lungs to pharynx is due to…

A

Ciliary escalators

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Is normal microbiota found in the upper or lower respiratory system?

A

Upper RS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is the significance of the open connections between the nasopharyx, estachian tube and nasolacrimal ducts?

A

they allow microorganisms to move from the sinuses and middle ears down into the lower respiratory tract

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Streptococcal Pharyngitis

A
  • Pathogen: Group A streptococci (S. pyogenes).
    • Signs and Symptoms: Sore throat, difficulty swallowing, swollen lymph nodes, purulent abscesses, fever, malaise, headache.
    • Pathogenesis/Epidemiology/Transmission: Spread via respiratory droplets; occurs in winter and spring; requires large inoculum or weakened immunity.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Diphtheria

A
  • Pathogen: Corynebacterium diphtheriae.
    • Signs and Symptoms: Sore throat, localized pain, fever, pseudo membrane formation.
    • Pathogenesis/Epidemiology/Transmission: Spread via respiratory droplets or skin contact; affects immunocompromised individuals.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Rhinosinusitis

A
  • Pathogen: Streptococcus pneumoniae (35%).
    • Signs and Symptoms: Inflammation of sinus tissue, malaise, headache, nasal inflammation.
    • Pathogenesis/Epidemiology/Transmission: Bacteria spread from the throat to sinuses; more common in adults.

Otitis Media (Ear Infection)
* Pathogen: Streptococcus pneumoniae (35%).
* Signs and Symptoms: Severe ear pain, fluid buildup (effusion), pressure in the middle ear.
* Pathogenesis/Epidemiology/Transmission: More common in children; severe cases may require drainage or surgery.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Otitis Media

A
  • Pathogen: Streptococcus pneumoniae (35%).
    • Signs and Symptoms: Severe ear pain, fluid buildup (effusion), pressure in the middle ear.
    • Pathogenesis/Epidemiology/Transmission: More common in children; severe cases may require drainage or surgery.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Def: Laryngitis

A

Vocal cord inflammation, causing soreness and hoarse voice

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What are the 4 possible complications of Streptococcal Pharyngitis

A
  1. Laryngitis
  2. Bronchitis
  3. Scarlet Fever
  4. Rheumatic Fever
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Def: Bronchitis

A

Inflammation of bronchial tubes, can be acute or chronic. Creates painful breathing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Def: Scarlet Fever

A

Fever, rash spreading on chest, tongue becomes strawberry red

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Def: Rheumatic Fever

A

Inflammation leads to damage of heart valves and muscle. An autoimmune response

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Common Cold

A
  • Pathogen: Over 200 viruses, primarily enteroviruses (rhinoviruses), coronaviruses, adenoviruses.
    • Signs and Symptoms: Sneezing, runny nose, congestion, sore throat, malaise, cough (no fever).
    • Pathogenesis/Epidemiology/Transmission: Highly infective; spreads via droplets, fomites, and direct contact.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Why is immunity to the common cold so difficult to develop? explain

A

Because there are over 200 strands of the virus, and creating a vaccine to stop all of them has not been done yet

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Pneumococcal Pneumonia

A
  • Pathogen: Streptococcus pneumoniae.
    • Signs and Symptoms: Fever, chills, congestion, cough, chest pain, rust-colored sputum, rapid breathing.
    • Pathogenesis/Epidemiology/Transmission: Bacteria inhaled; replication damages lungs.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Klebsiella Pneumonia

A
  • Pathogen: Klebsiella pneumoniae.
    • Signs and Symptoms: Pneumonia with bloody sputum, chills.
    • Pathogenesis/Epidemiology/Transmission: Inhalation; higher risk in immunocompromised individuals.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Legionnaire’s Disease

A
  • Pathogen: Legionella pneumophila.
    • Signs and Symptoms: Pneumonia symptoms, pleurisy, GI, CNS, kidney, liver complications.
    • Pathogenesis/Epidemiology/Transmission: Found in water systems; thrives in protozoa and biofilms.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Tuberculosis(TB)

A
  • Pathogen: Mycobacterium tuberculosis.
    • Signs and Symptoms: Chronic cough, mild fever, fatigue, weight loss, blood in sputum.
    • Pathogenesis/Epidemiology/Transmission: Low infectious dose; survives in phagocytes due to waxy cell wall.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Pertussis(Whooping Cough)

A
  • Pathogen: Bordetella pertussis.
    • Signs and Symptoms: Cold-like symptoms, progressing to violent coughing spells (“whoop”).
    • Pathogenesis/Epidemiology/Transmission: Attaches to cilia, releases toxins, and kills epithelial cells.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Inhalation Anthrax

A
  • Pathogen: Bacillus anthracis.
    • Signs and Symptoms: Initially flu-like, progressing to severe cough, lethargy, shock, and death.
    • Pathogenesis/Epidemiology/Transmission: Inhalation of endospores; spores germinate and release anthrax toxin.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Name the four stages of Pertussis: “I can’t play Cod” - give some details of each step

A
  1. Incubation - Last 7-10 days
  2. Catarrhal - Last 1-2 weeks, like the common cold
  3. Paroxysmal - 3-4 weeks, violent coughing spells
  4. Convalescent - last several weeks as cough subsides
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Tuberculosis tree:

Begins with inhalation of ______________
Establishing ___________

Diagnosed by_____________ and __________

Treatment is hampered by_____________
Explemplified by ________ and ________

Study These Flashcards
A
  1. M. Tuberculosis
  2. Primary Infection
  3. Chest x-ray and TB skin test
  4. Antibiotic Resistance
  5. XDR-TB and MDR-TB
23
Q

what is the significance of a positive TB skin test? what does it look like?

Study These Flashcards
A

Indicates if the microbe is present, but does not necissarily mean it is active

It is a hard, red lesion

24
Q

Influenza

Study These Flashcards
A
  • Pathogen: Orthomyxovirus (Influenza types A and B).
    • Signs and Symptoms: Fever, cough, myalgia, congestion; susceptible to secondary infections.
    • Pathogenesis/Epidemiology/Transmission: Damages lung epithelium; requires yearly vaccination due to mutations.
25
COVID-19
* Pathogen: SARS-CoV-2. * Signs and Symptoms: Ranges from mild cold-like symptoms to severe pneumonia. * Pathogenesis/Epidemiology/Transmission: Transmitted via respiratory droplets; emerging disease.
25
SARS(severe acute respiratory syndrome
* Pathogen: SARS-CoV (a coronavirus). * Signs and Symptoms: High fever, cough, difficulty breathing, pneumonia. * Pathogenesis/Epidemiology/Transmission: Spread via droplets; mortality ~10%.
26
RSV(Respiratory Syncytial Virus)
* Pathogen: Pneumovirus. * Signs and Symptoms: Cold-like symptoms, severe in infants and immunocompromised. * Pathogenesis/Epidemiology/Transmission: Forms syncytia in lungs, blocking airways.
27
Hanta Pulmonary Syndrome(HPS)
* Pathogen: Hantavirus. * Signs and Symptoms: Fever, headache, muscle pain, cough, shock, labored breathing. * Pathogenesis/Epidemiology/Transmission: Inhalation of dried rodent excreta; 50% fatality rate.
28
what do the following acronyms stand for: SARS COVID-19 RSV HPS
SARS=Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome COVID-19=COronaVIrusDIsease-2019 RSV=Respiratory Syncytial Virus HPS= Hanta Pulmonary Syndrome
29
What is the distinguishing symptom between a cold and the flu?
Fever
30
Why is it important to know of the possible mutations in flu virus glycoprotein spikes?
These mutations can cause new strains and possibly creating a new flu pandemic
31
Explain what does this mean: A/Montreal/2/90 (H2N3)
A= virus A or B Montreal=location where it was discovered 2=strain 90=year discovered H2N3=description of glycoprotein spikes on envelope
32
Def: Antigenic Drift
The process of virus entering cell, mutating during replication within host cell, and new strain exists cell
33
Def: Antigenic Shift
The process is when 2 different type A viruses enter ell, their gens combined into new vision within the host cell. When exiting a new type A virus strain appears
34
How are the common cold, Sars and. Covid-19 related?
All 3 have the pathogen - Coronavirus
35
Blastomycosis
* Pathogen: Blastomyces dermatitidis. * Signs and Symptoms: Flu-like symptoms, cutaneous lesions, systemic purulent lesions. * Pathogenesis/Epidemiology/Transmission: Dimorphic fungus; inhaled spores cause lung lesions.
36
Histoplasmosis
* Pathogen: Histoplasma capsulatum. * Signs and Symptoms: Asymptomatic in most; coughing, bloody sputum in severe cases. * Pathogenesis/Epidemiology/Transmission: Inhaled spores from soil or bird/bat droppings; spreads via macrophages.
37
Pneumocystis Pneumonia
* Pathogen: Pneumocystis jirovecii. * Signs and Symptoms: Difficulty breathing, hypoxia, fever. * Pathogenesis/Epidemiology/Transmission: Inhaled droplets; rapid progression in immunocompromised, especially AIDS patients.
38
Compared to the upper respiratory tract, the lower respiratory tract....
is normalyy free of microorganisms
39
The glycoprotein spikes of influenzaviruses are composed of...
Hemagglutinin or neuraminidase
40
Which of the following is associated with the fusion of neighboring cells? a. neuraminidase b. respiratory syncytial virus c. tuberculosis d. agglutination
B. respiratoy synctial virus
41
fill the blank: a thick, leathery membrane in the throat is a sign of ___________
diphtheria
42
TorF: A normal cold produces fever in most cases
False
43
TorF: the number of fungal infections has increased over the last 20 years because of damp climatic conditions
false
44
TorF: the formation of a hard red lesion at the site of a tuberculosis skin test is indicative of the presence of the tuberculosis bacterium
True
45
TorF: Dimorphic fungi assume the form of yeats at human body temp
True
46
TorF: Pneumonia is a disease of the entire respiratory tree(affects bronchi, lungs, alveoli)
True
47
TorF: Anthrax toxin is a three-protein toxin
True
48
TorF: the catarrhal stage indicates pertussis
False
49
Match symptom with disease: Elevated WBC's, low platelets
HPS(Hantavirus pulmonary syndrome)
50
Match symptom with disease: Strawberry tongue
Scarlet Fever
51
Match symptom with disease: Inhalation of endospores
Inhalation anthrax
52
Match symptom with disease: Nodules form in lungs
Tuberculosis
53
Match symptom with disease: Sudden fever, muscle pain
Influenza

Microbiology 1073 (4 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions