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Biology > Chapter 11 Genetics > Flashcards

Chapter 11 Genetics Flashcards

0
Q

Cell that contains 2 sets of homologous chromosomes

A

Diploid

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1
Q

Chromosomes in which 1set comes from the male parent and 1 set from the female parent

A

Homologous

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2
Q

Cell that contains only a single set of genes

A

Haploid

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3
Q

Process in which the number of chromosomes per cell is cut in half through separation of homologous chromosomes in a diploid cell

A

Meiosis

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4
Q

Structure containing 4 chromosomes that forms during meiosis

A

Tetrad

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5
Q

Process in which homologous chromosomes exchange portions of their chromosomes in meiosis

A

Crossing over

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6
Q

Fertilized egg

A

Zygote

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7
Q

Scientific study of heredity

A

Genetics

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8
Q

Process in which reproductive cells join to produce a new cell

A

Fertilization

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9
Q

Specific characteristic

A

Trait

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10
Q

Offspring of crosses between parents with different traits

A

Hybrid

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11
Q

Factors that are passed from parent to offspring

A

Genes

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12
Q

Different forms of a gene

A

Alleles

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13
Q

Some alleles are dominant (D) and some are recessive (d)

A

Principal of dominance

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14
Q

Separation of alleles

A

Segregation

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15
Q

Sex cells

A

Gametes

16
Q

Likelihood a particular event will occur

A

Probability

17
Q

Having 2 identical alleles for a particular gene, purebred RR rr

A

Homozygous

18
Q

Having two different alleles for a particular gene hybrid, Rr

A

Heterozygous

19
Q

Physical characteristics of an organism

A

Phenotype

20
Q

Genetic make up of an organism

A

Genotype

21
Q

Diagram that can be used to predict the genotype and phenotype combinations of a genetic cross

A

Punnett square

22
Q

Passing of traits from parent to offspring

A

Heredity

23
Q

Single trait cross

A

Monohybrid cross

24
Q

2 trait cross (FOIL)

A

Dihybrid cross

25
Q

Test with unknown genotype and known genotype

A

Test cross

26
Q

Situation in which 1 allele is not completely dominant over another allele

A

Incomplete dominance

27
Q

Situation In which the phenotype produced by both alleles are completely expressed

A

Codominance

28
Q

A gene that had more than two alleles

A

Multiple alleles

29
Q

Trait controlled by 2 or more genes

A

Polygenic trait

Biology (2 decks)

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