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Psychology 201 > Chapter 11: Health & Well-Being > Flashcards

Chapter 11: Health & Well-Being Flashcards

1
Q

Biopsychosocial

A

Biology, Psychology, Social Context = Health

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2
Q

This Chapters Focus Is On..(2)

A

Stress & Coping Tactics

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3
Q

Subjective Well-Being

A

is individual’s overall evaluation of life satisfaction and happiness

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4
Q

Positive Psychology

A

a movement within psychology that applies research to provide people with the knowledge and skills that allow them to experience fulfilling lives

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5
Q

Three Lines Of Inquiry In Positive Psychology:

A
  1. Positive Subjective Experiences: positive moods, positive emotions, flow, mindfulness
  2. Positive Individual Traits: Hope, resilience, grit, gratitude
  3. Positive Institutions: Positive workplaces, positive schools
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6
Q

Elements Of Positive Psychology (4)

A

-Positive Mood
-Gratitude
-Positive Attitude
-Happiness

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7
Q

Growing Up Pyramid (Top To Bottom)

A

Self-Actualization
Esteem
Love/Belonging
Safety
Physiological

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8
Q

Post-Traumatic Growth

A

When survivors of serious illnesses, accidents, natural disasters, and other traumatic events, can successfully cope with the trauma and reflect on the event in a positive way

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9
Q

6 Domains Of Post-Traumatic Growth

A

-new possibilities
-relating to others
-personal strength
-appreciation of life
-spiritual change
-life priority change

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10
Q

Stress

A

a lack of fit between perceived demands and perceived ability to cope with the demands

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11
Q

Stress Is Felt When:

A

perceived resources<perceived demands

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12
Q

Primary Appraisal

A

initial evaluation of the relevance, level of threat, and degree of stress the event brings

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13
Q

Secondary Appraisal

A

an evaluation of our ability to cope

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14
Q

Ambient Stress

A

chronic negative conditions embedded in the enviroment

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15
Q

Variety Of Types Of Environmental Stress

A

-excessive noise, traffic, pollution
-crowding
-poverty (associated with elevated stress hormones)

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16
Q

Rich Countries Struggle To Get:

A

Self-Actualization and Esteem

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17
Q

Poor Countries Struggle To Get:

A

Safety and Physiological

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18
Q

Acute Stressors

A

threatening events that have a relatively short duration and clear endpoint. ex. job interview

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19
Q

Chronic Stressors

A

threatening events that have a relatively long duration and no readily apparent time limit. ex. relationship conflicts

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20
Q

Anticipatory Stressors

A

upcoming or future events that are perceived to be threatening. (can affect us psychologically and physically)

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21
Q

2 Types Of Pressure

A

-Pressure to perform
-Pressure to conform to expectations

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22
Q

SRRS

A

social readjustment rating scale

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23
Q

3 Levels Of Stress Responses

A

-emotional responses. ex anger
-physiological responses. ex hormonal fluctuations
-behavioral responses. ex coping efforts

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24
Q

Intensity Of Stress (Least to Most)

A

Chronic
Acute Stress
Traumatic Stress

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25
Q

Physiological Responses To Acute Stress

A

fast-acting autonomous nervous system (compared to the neuroendocrine system)

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26
Q

Where Does The Fight and Flight Response System Occur?

A

in the autonomic nervous system (ANS): nerves that connect to the heart, blood vessels, smooth muscles, and glands

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27
Q

Sympathetic Division

A

mobilizes energy during emergencies; engages the fight or flight response

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28
Q

Parasympathetic Division

A

conserves energy; has calming effect on body

29
Q

Physiological Responses To Chronic Stress

A

slower-acting neuroendocrine system

30
Q

Cortisol

A

-increase blood sugar
-heightened memory and attention
-increase in blood pressure
-decrease sensitivity to pain
-decrease serotonin
-suppress the immune system

31
Q

Inverted-U Hypothesis Predicts:

A

-For low complexity tasks, a high level of arousal is best (rising graph)
-For medium complexity tasks, a medium level of arousal is best (n shaped-graph)
-For high complexity tasks, a low level of arousal is best (decreasing graph)

32
Q

Social Support

A

aid provided by members of one’s social networks

33
Q

Hardiness

A

a disposition marked by commitment, challenge, and control that is purportedly associated with strong stress resistance

34
Q

Optimists

A

engage in action-oriented, problem-focused, carefully planned coping; are more willing to seek social support

35
Q

Pessimists

A

deal with stress by avoiding it, giving up, or using denial

36
Q

Coping

A

efforts to master, reduce, or tolerate the demands created by stress

37
Q

Learned Helplessness:

A

passive behavior produced by exposure to unavoidable aversive events

38
Q

Learned Helplessness-Martin Seligman

A

dogs in electrifying cage

39
Q

Frustration Aggression Hypothesis:

A

aggression is always due to frustration

40
Q

Freud:

A

aggressive acts release emotional tension in a process called catharsis

41
Q

Displacement

A

the transfer of negative emotion from one person or thing to an unrelated person or thing

42
Q

Why Do Students Procrastinate?

A

-desire to minimize time on a task
-desire to optimize efficiency
-close proximity to reward
-students often get rewarded for procrastination

43
Q

Construction Coping

A

refers to efforts to deal with stressful events that are judged to be relatively healthful

44
Q

Constructive Coping Involves:

A

-confronting problems directly
-effort
-realistic appraisals of stress and coping resources
-learning to recognize and manage disruptive emotional reactions to stress

45
Q

3 Main Categories Of Constructive Coping Strategies:

A

1) appraisal-focused
2) problem-focused
3) emotion-focused

46
Q

Appraisal-Focused Strategies

A

-detecting negative self-talk
-rational thinking
-finding humor in the situation

47
Q

Problem-Focused Strategies

A

-active problem solving
-seeking social support
-improving self-control

48
Q

Emotion-Focused Strategies

A

-distracting oneself
-exercising
-meditating

49
Q

Elli’s Rational-Emotive Behavior Therapy and the (ABC) Model

A

therapy that focuses on altering clients’ patterns of irrational thinking to reduce maladaptive emotions and behavior

50
Q

Negative Appraisals (or beliefs)

A

often associated with catastrophic thinking, which exaggerates the magnitude of our problems

51
Q

Positive (realistic and/or optimistic)

A

appraisals allow constructive coping

52
Q

Using Systematic Problem Solving

A

-clarifying the problem
-generate alternative courses of action
-evaluate your alternatives and select a course of action
-take action while maintaining flexibility

53
Q

2 Psychosocial Modifiers Of Stress Are:

A

1) Social Support
-the perceived comfort, caring, esteem, or help people receive from other people
2) A Sense Of Personal Control
-the feeling that one can make decisions and take effective action to produce desirable outcomes and avoid undesirable ones

54
Q

Types Of Social Support

A

-Emotional Support
-Esteem Support
-Tangible or Instrumental Support
-Informational Support
-Network Support

55
Q

Types Of Control

A

1) BehaviouralControl
2) Cognitive Control
3) Decisional Control
4) Informational Control

56
Q

Enhancing Emotional Intelligence:

A

-be capable to perceive and express emotion
-use emotions to facilitate thought
-understand and reason with emotion
-regulate emotion

57
Q

Low Emotional Intelligence is linked to..?

A

burnout

58
Q

Components Of Burnout

A

1) Exhaustion
2) Cynicism
3) Lowered self-efficacy

59
Q

Aristotle’s Definition Of Happiness

A

happiness was attained by living a virtuous life and being a good person

60
Q

Jean-Jacques Rousseau’s Definition Of Happiness

A

the road to happiness lies in the satisfaction of one’s desires and the hedonistic pursuit of pleasure

61
Q

William James’ Definition Of Happiness

A

happiness was the ratio of one’s accomplishments to one’s aspirations

62
Q

Positive Illusion

A

an inflated view of one’s own characteristics as a good, able, and desirable person

63
Q

Happiness peaks at age

A

74

63
Q

Happiness starts to increase at age

A

46

64
Q

The correlation between a nation’s well-being score and its gross national product is…

A

+67

65
Q

Gender, age, ethnicity, and income account for only __ to __ % of the variation in happiness

A

10 to 15%

66
Q

Two personality traits that are closely related to well-being:

A

-Extraversion (warmth, positive emotions, etc)
-Neuroticism (anxiety, depression, etc)

67
Q

Factors Affecting People’s Subjective Well-Being:

A

-personality
-life satisfaction
-social support
-socioeconomic status

68
Q

HPA

A

hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis. (slow acting response)

Psychology 201 (6 decks)

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