Chapter 11 - Muscle Structure

Question 1

name the muscle.

Answer 1

frontalis
*forehead is “frontal”, lies on the frontal bone.

Question 2

name the muscle labeled in yellow.

Answer 2

orbicularis oculi. it an “orbicular” shape that “orbits” the eye. “oculi” means eye. think of bin-oculars.

Question 3

name the muscle.

Answer 3

orbicularis oris
- orbits the mouth

Question 4

name the muscle labeled in lavender.

Answer 4

mentalis
- mental is chin. imagine the thinking pose with your fist on your chin, in mental thought

Question 5

name the muscle in green.

Answer 5

masseter
- mastication is chewing. masseter means the chewing muscle.

Question 5

name the muscle.

Answer 5

depressor anguli oris
- to lower the corner of the mouth
- they also look like triangles
*anguli means “corner”

Question 6

name the muscle.

Answer 6

depressor labii inferioris
- to pull down the lips, lower

Question 7

name the muscle.

Answer 7

risorius
- “la risa” is laughter in spanish

Question 8

name the muscle.

Answer 8

levator labii superioris.
- to lift the lips towards the head

Question 9

name the muscle labeled in yellow

Answer 9

buccinator
- attaches to the orbicularis oris, allows us to push air out of the mouth when playing an instrument.

Question 10

name the muscle.

Answer 10

occipitalis. lies on the occipital bone in the occipital region.

Question 11

name each of the the 3 muscles.

Answer 11

*auricularis means “outer ear”. think auditory.
- auricularis anterior
- auricularis superior
- auricularis posterior

Question 12

go over the chart for naming muscles…

muscles are named for size, shape, direction of fibers, location, number of origins, origin and insertion, and action.

Answer 12

Question 13

name both the sets of muscles

Answer 13

zygomaticus minor (top pair)
zygomaticus major (bottom pair)
*similar to the teres m&m and the rhomboid m&m, the major is below the minor.

Question 14

name the muscle

Answer 14

levator anguli oris
- to lift the corners of the mouth
*anguli means “corner”

Question 15

name the muscle.

Answer 15

temporalis
- lies on the temporal bone.
- a major muscle of mastication

Question 16

name the muscle

Answer 16

sternocleidomastoid (SCM)
- attaches at sternum, clavicle, and mastoid process.

Question 17

name the muscle

Answer 17

levator scapulae
- lifts the scapulae. parallel with the rhomboids.
- deep to the scalenes

Question 18

the suboccipital muscles. you don’t need to know these, but they’re pretty cool.

Answer 18

there’s 4 pairs that attach to the occipital bone, atlas, axis, and cervical vertebrae

Question 19

the semispinalis capitus. you don’t need to know this, but it’s cool.

Answer 19

good stuff. semi means just to the side, spinous is of the spine

Question 20

the longissimus capitus. you don’t need to know this…

Answer 20

the top most portion of the erector spinae muscle groups

Question 21

a cool layering of neck muscles

Question 22

name the muscle

Answer 22

splenius capitus
- splenius means “bandage”
- this is the muscle that babies develop to hold their heads up

Question 23

name the muscle.

Answer 23

sternohyoid
- attaches the sternum to the hyoid bone.

Question 24

name the muscle

Answer 24

omohyoid - attaches the scapula to the hyoid bone - omo refers to the scapula

Question 25

name the muscles.

Answer 25

external intercostal muscle - attaches each rib to another - runs from spine all the way to where ribs become cartilage. - fibers are angled posteriorly/superiorly, or anterior/inferior. - elevates the ribs in inspiration *Intercostals create a pressure chamber wall for respiration

Question 26

name the muscles.

Answer 26

internal intercostal muscle - attaches each rib to another - fibers run in opposite direction from external intercostal muscles. - runs from sternum all the way to the angle of the ribs on the posterior side. about 3/4 of the way from sternum to spine. - lowers the ribs in expiration *Intercostals create a pressure chamber wall for respiration

Question 27

also have an innermost intercostal...

Answer 27

- runs with internal intercostals, but separate. *Intercostals create a pressure chamber wall for respiration

Question 28

name the muscle

Answer 28

transversus thoracis

Question 29

name the muscle. *what is the name of the fibrous midline?

Answer 29

rectus abdominus *linea alba, or "white line"

Question 30

name the muscle.

Answer 30

external oblique - fibers run posterior and superior. - same direction as external intercostals - does not attach to aponeurosis on posterior side, but does form an aponeurosis on front that runs anterior on the rectus abdominus.

Question 31

name the muscle

Answer 31

internal oblique - attaches from the posterior aponeurosis to the anterior aponeurosis - muscle fibers run the same as internal intercostals, anterior/superior or posterior/inferior. - front aponeurosis splits in two and goes anterior & posterior to rectus abdominis.

Question 32

name the muscle

Answer 32

transversus abdominis - runs from the posterior fascia (thoracolumbar fascia) to the anterior aponeurosis - similar to the innermost intercostals. - front aponeurosis stays posterior to other aponeurosis and behind rectus abdominus.

Question 33

name the 3 muscles. what is their name combined?

Answer 33

- psoas minor - psoas major - iliacus *all together make iliopsoas

Question 34

name the muscle

Answer 34

quadratus lumborum - square shaped, lumbar vertebrae

Question 35

name the muscle

Answer 35

trapezius

Question 36

name the muscle in all green.

Answer 36

longissimus thoracis - longest muscles, insert into thoracic region. (also a longissimus capitis and longissimus cervicis)

Question 37

name the muscle.

Answer 37

rhomboid minor

Question 38

name the muscle

Answer 38

rhomboid major

Question 39

name the muscle

Answer 39

latissimus dorsi - latissimus means "broad" - dorsi is back. *attaches the sacrum to the intertubercular groove on humerus

Question 40

name the muscle

Answer 40

serratus anterior - inserts on anterior side of scapula to ribs.

Question 41

name the muscle

Answer 41

-serratus posterior superior -serratus posterior inferior

Question 42

name the muscle

Answer 42

supraspinatus - above the spine of the scapula

Question 43

name the muscle

Answer 43

infraspinatus

Question 44

name the muscle

Answer 44

teres minor

Question 45

name the muscle

Answer 45

subscapularis

Question 46

name the muscle

Answer 46

deltoid

Question 47

name the larger muscle

Answer 47

pectoralis major

Question 48

name the smaller muscle

Answer 48

pectoralis minor

Question 49

name the muscle in green

Answer 49

teres major

Question 50

name the muscle (deltoid removed)

Answer 50

biceps brachii - bi = two - cepts = head - brachii = upper arm - a very good supinator of the arm

Question 51

name the muscle

Answer 51

coracobrachialis - coracoid process to brachial region

Question 52

name the muscle (deepest)

Answer 52

brachialis - deep to biceps brachii

Question 53

name the muscle

Answer 53

brachioradialis - on lateral side

Question 54

name the muscle

Answer 54

triceps brachii

Question 55

name the muscle in green

Answer 55

pronator teres (PT) - pronates to the index finger

Question 56

name the muscle in yellow

Answer 56

palmaris longus (PL) - runs to the aponeurosis on palm - like fan of palm tree branch

Question 57

name the muscle in orange

Answer 57

flexor carpi radialis (FCR) - flexor muscle - carpi = runs to wrist - radialis = on radial side

Question 58

name the muscle in blue

Answer 58

flexor carpi ulnaris (FCU) - flexor - carpi = goes to wrist - ulnaris = on ulnar side

Answer 59

extensor carpi ulnaris (ECU) - paired opposite of flexor carpi ulnaris

Question 60

name the muscle

Answer 60

flexor digitorum superficialis (FDS) - flexes the digits superficially - named superficialis because there is also a deep flexor digitorum... - deep to 3 flexor muscles

Question 61

name the muscle

Answer 61

extensor digitorum (ED) - extends the digits

Question 62

Extensor digiti minimi

Question 63

name the muscles in green and purple

Answer 63

there are two extensor carpii radialus: - extensor carpii radialis longus - extensor carpii radialis brevis **the longus is snug with the brachioradialus.

Question 64

name the muscle

Answer 64

supinator - under the brachioradialis - fibers run opposite of the pronator - synergist with the brachioradialis for supination

Question 65

name the deep muscles

Answer 65

- abductor pollicus longus (ABove the brevis, runs to thumb, longer way to travel) - extensor pollicus brevis (in extensor family, runs to thumb, shorter) - supinator

Question 66

name the muscle

Answer 66

extensor digiti minimi - runs to the pinky

Question 67

name the muscle

Answer 67

anconeus

Question 68

name the muscle

Answer 68

sartorius

Question 69

name the muscle

Answer 69

vastus lateralis - vast and lateral

Question 70

name the muscle

Answer 70

rectus femoris

Question 71

name the muscle

Answer 71

vastus medialis

Question 72

name the muscle in pink deep to the muscle in blue.

Answer 72

vastus intermedius

Question 73

name the muscle

Answer 73

adductor longus - notice how it inserts halfway along the femur

Question 74

name the 3 glute muscles

Answer 74

- gluteus maximus - gluteus medius - gluteus minimus

Question 75

name the muscle in yellow and the band in green.

Answer 75

- tensor fascia latae - iliotibial band *tenses the facia on the lateral side

Question 76

name the muscles (view of left inner thigh)

Answer 76

- adductor longus - adductor magnus - gracilis

Question 77

name the hamstrings

Answer 77

- biceps femoris (most lateral) - semitendinosus (lies on top of semimembranosus, more tendon-like.) - semimembranosus (under semitendinosus, M for Medial, more membrane and flat)

Question 78

name the calves

Answer 78

- gastrocnemius - soleus

Question 79

name the deep posterior muscle

Answer 79

popliteus

Question 80

name the deep posterior shin muscles. (right posterior view)

Answer 80

flexor digitorum longus - (like the FD in forearm). there is an extensor opposite. medial to tibialis posterior tibialis posterior - (lies along the tibia). there's an anterior opposite. central and deep. flexor hallucis longus - big chunky muscle, more lateral than tibialis posterior *to flex the toes is to scrunch them up *to extend the toes is to reach them out *notice that the popliteus runs medially and inferiorly = right leg. both popliteus together make a V shape

Question 81

name both muscles

Answer 81

- fibularis longus - fibularis brevis

Question 82

name the muscle

Answer 82

tibialis anterior

Question 83

name the muscles

Answer 83

- tibialis anterior - extensor hallucis longus - extensor digitorum longus

Question 84

name the muscles of the foot

Answer 84

- abductor hallucis - flexor hallucis brevis (deep to the longus) - lumbricals (lumbrical means "worm", so they're the wormy muscles. also have lumbricals in fingers.) - flexor digitorum brevis (the longus is deep) - abductor digiti minimi