Chapter 11 Nervous system and nervous tissue

Question 1

List the basic functions of the nervous system.

Answer 1

•Sensory input

• Information gathered by sensory receptors about internal and external changes

•Integration

• Processing and interpretation of sensory input

•Motor output

• Activation of effector organs (muscles and glands) produces a response

Question 2

Describe and give the functions of Astrocytes CNS

Answer 2

• Astrocytes -
  
  • Most abundant, versatile, and highly branched glial cells
  • Cling to neurons, synaptic endings, and capillaries
  • Functions include
    
    • Support and brace neurons
    • Play role in exchanges between capillaries and neurons
    • Guide migration of young neurons
    • Control chemical environment around neurons
    • Respond to nerve impulses and neurotransmitters
    • Influence neuronal functioning
    • Participate in information processing in brain

Question 3

Describe and give the functions of the Microglial cells CNS

Answer 3

• Defensive cells in the CNS
• Small, ovoid cells with thorny processes that touch and monitor neurons
• Migrate toward injured neurons
• Can transform to phagocytize microorganisms and neuronal debris

Question 4

Describe and give functions of Ependymal cells CNS

Answer 4

• Range in shape from squamous to columnar
• May be ciliated (beat to circulate CSF)
• Line the central cavities of the brain and spinal column
• (to move cerebrol fluid with cilia)

Question 5

Describe and give functions of Oligodendrocytes

Answer 5

• Branched cells
• Processes wrap CNS nerve fibers, forming insulating myelin sheaths thicker nerve fibers

Question 6

Describe and give functions of Satellite cells PNS

Answer 6

Satellite cells​

• Surround neuron cell bodies in PNS
• Function similar to astrocytes of CNS
  
  • most abundant & support/brace neurons & anchor them to their nutrient supply lines

Question 7

Describe and give the functions of Schwann Cells PNS

Answer 7

Schwann Cells in PNS

• Surround all peripheral nerve fibers and form myelin sheaths in thicker nerve fibers
• Similar function as oligodendrocytes
• Vital to regeneration of damaged peripheral nerve fibers

Question 8

List the types of neuroglia & their location (cns/pns)

Answer 8

• Astrocytes (CNS)
• Microglial cells (CNS)
• Ependymal cells (CNS)
• Oligodendrocytes (CNS)
• Satellite cells (PNS)
• Schwann cells (PNS)

Question 9

List the two proinciapl cell types

Answer 9

• Neuroglia
  
  • small cells that surround and wrap delicate neurons
• Neurons (nerve cells)
  
  • excitable cells that transmit electrical signals

Question 10

Define neuron