Chapter 11: Particle Physics

Question 1

Describe the alpha particle scattering experiment

Answer 1

Most went straight through this showed that the atom was mainly empty space.

Some deflected through small angles, this suggested that there is a positive nucleus at the centre.

Some deflected straight back, this suggested that the nucleus is extremely small and this is where the mass and charge of an atom are concentrated.

Question 2

Relative charge of proton

Answer 2

+1

Question 3

Atoms of all elements are made up of which 3 types of particles?

Answer 3

Proton, neutron and electron

Question 4

Relative charge of neutron

Answer 4

0

Question 5

Relative charge of electron

Answer 5

-1

Question 6

Relative mass of proton

Answer 6

1

Question 7

Relative mass of neutron

Answer 7

1

Question 8

Relative mass of electron

Answer 8

1/2000 negligible

Question 9

Positron charge

Answer 9

+1

Question 10

Antiproton charge

Answer 10

-1

Question 11

Antineutron charge

Answer 11

0

Question 12

What are antimatter particles?

Answer 12

They are identical to their matter counterpart but with opposite charge.

Question 13

Unified atomic mass unit

Answer 13

Roughly equal to mass of proton/neutron

1.66*10^-27 kg

Question 14

Mass of alpha particle in u

Answer 14

4u

Question 15

What is mass number

Answer 15

Number of protons and neutrons

Question 16

What is atomic number

Answer 16

Number of protons

Question 17

Isotope

Answer 17

An Isotope is an atom of the same element that had an equal number of protons but different number of neutrons.

Question 18

Isotopes of hydrogen names

Answer 18

Deuterium and Tritium

Question 19

Alpha particle

Answer 19

2 protons 2 neutrons

Highly ionising and weakly penetrating

Question 20

Beta particle

Answer 20

0 and -1 OR 0 and +1

Moderately ionising
Moderating penetrating

Question 21

What is used to stop beta particles

Answer 21

Aluminium foil

Question 22

Alpha particles range

Answer 22

Few cm in air

Question 23

Beta particles range

Answer 23

20cm - 3m

Question 24

Gama particles composition

Answer 24

Electromagnetic wave 0 0

Question 25

What is an electron neutrino?

Answer 25

No charge and negligible mass

Question 26

Beta minus decay

Answer 26

Neutron - Proton + electron + anti electron neutrino

Question 27

Beta plus decay

Answer 27

Proton - neutron + electron + electron neutrino

Question 28

Number of alpha particles vs kinetic energy graph

Answer 28

Discrete spikes

Question 29

Number of beta particles vs kinetic energy graph

Answer 29

Curved continuous range of energies

Question 30

Six flavours of quarks

Answer 30

Up Down Top Bottom Charm Strange

Question 31

Six leptons

Answer 31

Electron Electron neutrino Tau Tau neutrino Muon Muon neutrino

Question 32

Proton made of which quark

Answer 32

UUD

Question 33

Anti proton made up of which quark

Answer 33

U dash u dash d dash

Question 34

Neutron made up of which quark

Answer 34

UDD

Question 35

Charge of up/top/charm quark

Answer 35

+2/3

Question 36

Charge of down/bottom/strange quark

Answer 36

-1/3

Question 37

Hadrons can be divided into

Answer 37

Baryons and mesons

Question 38

Difference between baryon and meson

Answer 38

Baryon consists of 3 quarks Mesons consorts of a quark and antiquark pair

Question 39

Rest mass of electron

Answer 39

9.11*10^-31 kg