Chapter 11 Patterns of Inheritance

Question 1

Dominant

Answer 1

an allele that will present over the presence of a recessive allele

Question 2

Gene

Answer 2

unit of inheritance, DNA packaged in chromosomes

Question 3

Gene Linkage

Answer 3

genes on the same chromosome tend to be inherited together

Question 4

Genetic Recombination

Answer 4

new combinations of alleles of the genes that are located on homologous chromosomes, caused by the exchange of corresponding segments of DNA during crossing over

Question 5

Genotype

Answer 5

the combination of allele’s carried by an organism

Question 6

Hemophilia

Answer 6

caused by a recessive allele on the x chromosome that results in a deficiency in one of the proteins needed for blood clotting.

Question 7

Law of Segregation

Answer 7

homologous chromosomes segregate from each other during meiosis, thus separating allele’s they carry.

Question 8

Locus

Answer 8

a genes physical location on a chromosome

Question 9

Huntington Disease

Answer 9

a dominate disorder that causes a slow, progressive deterioration of parts of the brain, resulting in loss of concentration, flailing movements, personality disturbances and eventually death.

Question 10

Recessive

Answer 10

an allele that will not present if paired with a dominant allele

Question 11

Incomplete Dominance

Answer 11

when heterozygous phenotype is intermediate between two homozygous phenotypes

Question 12

True Breeding

Answer 12

organisms posses a trait, that is inherited unchanged by all offspring produced by self-fertilization

Question 13

Law of Independent Assortment

Answer 13

the independent inheritance of two or more traits

Question 14

Cross-Fertilization

Answer 14

when sperm from one organism fertilizes the egg of another organism

Question 15

Phenotype

Answer 15

an organism’s traits (outward appearance, behavior, digestive enzymes, blood type, etc)

Question 16

Muscular Dystrophy

Answer 16

faulty dystrophin proteins, which cause degeneration on muscle tissues.

Question 17

Test Cross

Answer 17

cross fertilization of an organism with a dominant phenotype, but unknown genotype with a homozygous recessive organism

Question 18

Pedigree

Answer 18

diagrams that show genetic relationships among a set of related individuals

Question 19

Polygenic Inheritance

Answer 19

traits such as height, skin colour etc, are influenced by interactions among two or more genes

Question 20

Codominance

Answer 20

when a heterozygote expresses the phenotype of both homozygotes

Question 21

Sex Chromosome

Answer 21

sex is determined by the presence of either double x chromosomes or a yx combo

Question 22

Sex-Linked

Answer 22

genes that are only located on sex chromosomes

Question 23

X Chromosome

Answer 23

2 x chromosomes present females

Question 24

Y Chromosome

Answer 24

an xy combo present males

Question 25

Albinism

Answer 25

an organism that is homozygous for an allele that encodes defective tyrosinase, will present with pale skin and hair.

Question 26

Autosome

Answer 26

chromosomes that aren't sex chromosomes, occur in homologous pairs with identical appearance in males and females

Question 27

Sickle-Cell Anemia

Answer 27

an inherited form of anemia that results from a mutation in the hemoglobin gene