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Chapter 11 Section 1-3 Flashcards

1
Q

What is genetics?

A

The scientific study of heredity

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1
Q

What is genetics?

A

The scientific study of heredity

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2
Q

What is fertilization?

A

When a male and female sex cells join

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2
Q

What is fertilization?

A

When a male and female sex cells join

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3
Q

What does it mean when an organism is a true-breeding?

A

If the organism was allowed to self-pollinate, they would produce offspring identical to themselves

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3
Q

What does it mean when an organism is a true-breeding?

A

If the organism was allowed to self-pollinate, they would produce offspring identical to themselves

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4
Q

What is a trait?

A

a specific characteristic that varies from one individual to another

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4
Q

What is a trait?

A

a specific characteristic that varies from one individual to another

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5
Q

What are hybrids?

A

offspring of crosses between parents with different traits

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5
Q

What are hybrids?

A

offspring of crosses between parents with different traits

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6
Q

What are genes?

A

chemical factors that determine traits

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6
Q

What are genes?

A

chemical factors that determine traits

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7
Q

What are alleles?

A

Different forms of a gene

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7
Q

What are alleles?

A

Different forms of a gene

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8
Q

What does the principle of dominance state?

A

Some alleles are dominant and others are recessive

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8
Q

What does the principle of dominance state?

A

Some alleles are dominant and others are recessive

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9
Q

What happens to alleles during gamete formation?

A

They segregate form each other so that each gamete carries only a single copy of each gene.

9
Q

What happens to alleles during gamete formation?

A

They segregate form each other so that each gamete carries only a single copy of each gene.

10
Q

What is probability?

A

The likelihood that a particular event will occur

10
Q

What is probability?

A

The likelihood that a particular event will occur

11
Q

What is homozygous?

A

when organisms have two identical alleles for a particular trait

11
Q

What is homozygous?

A

when organisms have two identical alleles for a particular trait

12
Q

What is heterozygous?

A

when organisms have two different alleles for the same trait (one dominant and one recessive)

12
Q

What is heterozygous?

A

when organisms have two different alleles for the same trait (one dominant and one recessive)

13
What is a phenotype?
physical characteristics
13
What is a phenotype?
physical characteristics
14
What is a genotype?
genetic makeup (alleles)
14
What is a genotype?
genetic makeup (alleles)
15
What is heredity?
characteristics that are inherited from generation to generation
15
What is heredity?
characteristics that are inherited from generation to generation
16
What made pea plants so special?
They self pollinate; they have a male and female reproductive organs
16
What made pea plants so special?
They self pollinate; they have a male and female reproductive organs
17
What is cross-pollination?
producing seeds that have 2 different parents
17
What is cross-pollination?
producing seeds that have 2 different parents
18
What are the 7 traits of pea plants?
seed shape, seed color, seed coat color, pod shape, pod color, flower position, plant height
18
What are the 7 traits of pea plants?
seed shape, seed color, seed coat color, pod shape, pod color, flower position, plant height
19
What were the results of Mendel's first experiments?
Each offspring had only traits from 1 of the parents. He came up with the principle of dominance to explain this.
19
What were the results of Mendel's first experiments?
Each offspring had only traits from 1 of the parents. He came up with the principle of dominance to explain this.
20
What did Mendel allow for his second experiment? What was he trying to find?
He allowed the first generation to self-pollinate. He wanted to see whether the recessive allele disappeared or not.
20
What did Mendel allow for his second experiment? What was he trying to find?
He allowed the first generation to self-pollinate. He wanted to see whether the recessive allele disappeared or not.
21
What is the ratio when 2 heterozygous genes are crossed?
3:1
21
What is the ratio when 2 heterozygous genes are crossed?
3:1

Biology (17 decks)

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